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Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) has become an increasingly crucial task in Legal AI, i.e., predicting the judgment of the case in terms of case fact description. Precedents are the previous legal cases with similar facts, which are the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Yiquan Wu , Siying Zhou , Yifei Liu , Weiming Lu , Xiaozhong Liu , Yating Zhang , Changlong Sun , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

Learning an effective representation in multi-label text classification (MLTC) is a significant challenge in NLP. This challenge arises from the inherent complexity of the task, which is shaped by two key factors: the intricate connections…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Alexandre Audibert , Aurélien Gauffre , Massih-Reza Amini

Predicting and reasoning about the future lie at the heart of many time-series questions. For example, goal-conditioned reinforcement learning can be viewed as learning representations to predict which states are likely to be visited in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Chongyi Zheng , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Benjamin Eysenbach

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) aims to predict judgment outcomes based on case description. Several researchers have developed techniques to assist potential clients by predicting the outcome in the legal profession. However, none of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Salwa Abbara , Mona Hafez , Aya Kazzaz , Areej Alhothali , Alhanouf Alsolami

Automatic charge prediction task aims to determine the final charges based on fact descriptions of criminal cases, which is a vital application of legal assistant systems. Conventional works usually depend on fact descriptions to predict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Xiya Cheng , Sheng Bi , Guilin Qi , Yongzhen Wang

The research field of Legal Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been very active recently, with Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) becoming one of the most extensively studied tasks. To date, most publicly released LJP datasets originate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Gil Semo , Dor Bernsohn , Ben Hagag , Gila Hayat , Joel Niklaus

Math Word Problem (MWP) solving needs to discover the quantitative relationships over natural language narratives. Recent work shows that existing models memorize procedures from context and rely on shallow heuristics to solve MWPs. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Zhongli Li , Wenxuan Zhang , Chao Yan , Qingyu Zhou , Chao Li , Hongzhi Liu , Yunbo Cao

Trained classification models can unintentionally lead to biased representations and predictions, which can reinforce societal preconceptions and stereotypes. Existing debiasing methods for classification models, such as adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Aili Shen , Xudong Han , Trevor Cohn , Timothy Baldwin , Lea Frermann

Current legal outcome prediction models - a staple of legal NLP - do not explain their reasoning. However, to employ these models in the real world, human legal actors need to be able to understand the model's decisions. In the case of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Josef Valvoda , Ryan Cotterell

Legal Article Prediction (LAP) is a critical task in legal text classification, leveraging natural language processing (NLP) techniques to automatically predict relevant legal articles based on the fact descriptions of cases. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiao Chi , Wenlin Zhong , Yiquan Wu , Wei Wang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Minghui Xiong

Contrastive self-supervised learning has become a prominent technique in representation learning. The main step in these methods is to contrast semantically similar and dissimilar pairs of samples. However, in the domain of Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Mansooreh Karami , Huan Liu

Text embedding models play a crucial role in natural language processing, particularly in information retrieval, and their importance is further highlighted with the recent utilization of RAG (Retrieval- Augmented Generation). This study…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Jeongsu Yu

Legal judgment prediction offers a compelling method to aid legal practitioners and researchers. However, the research question remains relatively under-explored: Should multiple defendants and charges be treated separately in LJP? To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Xiao Wang , Jiahuan Pei , Diancheng Shui , Zhiguang Han , Xin Sun , Dawei Zhu , Xiaoyu Shen

Contrastive representation learning has gained much attention due to its superior performance in learning representations from both image and sequential data. However, the learned representations could potentially lead to performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Jianfeng Chi , William Shand , Yaodong Yu , Kai-Wei Chang , Han Zhao , Yuan Tian

The effectiveness of contrastive learning technology in natural language processing tasks is yet to be explored and analyzed. How to construct positive and negative samples correctly and reasonably is the core challenge of contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Nankai Lin , Guanqiu Qin , Jigang Wang , Aimin Yang , Dong Zhou

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) aims to form legal judgments based on the criminal fact description. However, researchers struggle to classify confusing criminal cases, such as robbery and theft, which requires LJP models to distinguish the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Pengjie Liu , Wang Zhang , Yulong Ding , Xuefeng Zhang , Shuang-Hua Yang

Contrastive learning -- a modern approach to extract useful representations from unlabeled data by training models to distinguish similar samples from dissimilar ones -- has driven significant progress in foundation models. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Licong Lin , Song Mei

Contrastive learning is a well-established paradigm in representation learning. The standard framework of contrastive learning minimizes the distance between "similar" instances and maximizes the distance between dissimilar ones in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Naghmeh Ghanooni , Barbod Pajoum , Harshit Rawal , Sophie Fellenz , Vo Nguyen Le Duy , Marius Kloft

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) has become a core benchmark for evaluating AI in the criminal legal domain, but it only sees criminal cases that have already passed prosecutorial review and been formally indicted. As a result, LJP leaves a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Junyu Lu , Qi Wei , Peishuo Zheng , Jie Zhang , Hui Huang , Qianru Wang , Chuan Xiao , Jianbin Qin , Shuyuan Zheng

Automatic judgment prediction aims to predict the judicial results based on case materials. It has been studied for several decades mainly by lawyers and judges, considered as a novel and prospective application of artificial intelligence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Shangbang Long , Cunchao Tu , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun