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In this paper we analyse the mechanisms responsible for the bonding of electrons to metal surfaces. We present and validate a method to measure the energy distribution of dense electron ensembles at ambient conditions. We have found sharp…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2007-06-26 H. C. Mastwijk , P. V. Bartels , H. L. M. Lelieveld

Conventional theories of electromagnetic waves in a medium assume that only the energy of the field propagates inside the medium. Consequently, they neglect the transport of mass density by the medium atoms. We have recently presented…

Optics · Physics 2018-03-02 Mikko Partanen , Jukka Tulkki

Optical forces in dielectric structures are typically analyzed by utilizing either the Maxwell stress tensor or energy-based methods from which they can be derived by means of the eigenfrequencies and the effective refractive indices…

We determine the invariant expression of the force density that the electromagnetic field exerts on dipolar matter and construct the non-symmetric energy-momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field in matter which is consistent with that…

Classical Physics · Physics 2017-11-17 Rodrigo Medina , J. Stephany

A general proof of the optical theorem (also known as the optical cross-section theorem) is presented that reveals the intimate connection between the forward scattering amplitude and the absorption-plus-scattering of the incident wave…

Classical Physics · Physics 2012-05-28 Masud Mansuripur

Light propagating in a nondispersive medium is accompanied by a mass density wave (MDW) of atoms set in motion by the optical force of the field itself [Phys. Rev. A 95, 063850 (2017)]. This recent result is in strong contrast with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-19 Mikko Partanen , Jukka Tulkki

Results of a fairly straightforward experiment on resonant magneto-optical rotation by rubidium-87 atoms revealed strong time-dependence of the polarization plane of light emerging from atomic vapors following a sudden irradiation with a…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-01-06 Dariusz Dziczek

Above-bandgap femtosecond optical excitation of a ferroelectric/dielectric BaTiO3/CaTiO3 superlattice leads to structural responses that are a consequence of the screening of the strong electrostatic coupling between the component layers.…

The measurement of the spin angular momentum of circularly polarized light by Beth [Phys. Rev. 50, 115 (1936)] can be explained by using a microscopic torque density. However, the experiment does not resolve the space- and time-dependent…

Optics · Physics 2024-03-18 Mikko Partanen , Jukka Tulkki

An electro-optic modulator offers the function of modulating the propagation of light in a material with electric field and enables seamless connection between electronics-based computing and photonics-based communication. The search for…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-05-11 Yang Liu , Guodong Ren , Tengfei Cao , Rohan Mishra , Jayakanth Ravichandran

The dielectric properties of thin films are of paramount important in a variety of technological applications, and of fundamental importance for solid state research. In spite of this, there is currently no theoretical understanding of the…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-04-02 Alessio Zaccone

Optical force can enable precise manipulations of small particles for various applications. It is well known that an isotropic lossless dielectric sphere is only subject to forward optical force under the illumination of an electromagnetic…

Optics · Physics 2025-03-07 Hengzhi Li , Wanyue Xiao , Tong Fu , Zheng Yang , Shubo Wang

In granular media, the presence of even small amounts of interparticle cohesion manifests as an increase in the bulk strength and stiffness, effects that are typically associated with an increase in the average number of constraints per…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-10 Abrar Naseer , Karen E. Daniels , Tejas G. Murthy

In a previous paper published in this journal, we described a new relativistic wave equation that accounts for the propagation of light from a source to an observer in two different inertial frames. This equation, which is based on the…

General Physics · Physics 2011-05-13 Anthony F. Maers , Randy Wayne

Inertial microfluidics has been limited to dilute particle concentrations due to defocusing (spreading out) at high particle concentrations. We observe a counterintuitive shift of focusing to the outer curved wall under high concentration…

The spin transfer torque is a phenomenon in which angular momentum of a spin polarized electrical current entering a ferromagnet is transferred to the magnetization. The effect has opened a new research field of electrically driven…

Materials Science · Physics 2012-05-07 P. Nemec , E. Rozkotova , N. Tesarova , F. Trojanek , E. De Ranieri , K. Olejnik , J. Zemen , V. Novak , M. Cukr , P. Maly , T. Jungwirth

The special theory of relativity teaches us that, although distinct inertial frames perceive the same dynamical laws, space and time intervals differ in value. We revisit the problem of time contraction using the paradigmatic model of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-21 Matheus Fritsch Savi , Renato Moreira Angelo

We establish universal relationships between optical force/torque on a general particle and different parts of linear and angular momentum (AM) of generic monochromatic optical field. It is rigorously proved that the optical force comes…

Optics · Physics 2018-01-01 Yikun Jiang , Huajin Chen , Jun Chen , Jack Ng , Zhifang Lin

We use confocal microscopy to study the motion of a magnetic bead in a dense colloidal suspension, near the colloidal glass transition volume fraction $\phi_g$. For dense liquid-like samples near $\phi_g$, below a threshold force the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 P. Habdas , D. Schaar , Andrew C. Levitt , Eric R. Weeks

Effects of pulse magnetic field on the optical transmission properties of thin ferrofluid (FF) layers were experimentally investigated. It was observed that, under an influence of an external uniform magnetic field, pulses applied to the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-10-28 S. I. Shulyma , B. M. Tanygin , V. F. Kovalenko , M. V. Petrychuk