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We propose a test-time defense mechanism against adversarial attacks: imperceptible image perturbations that significantly alter the predictions of a model. Unlike existing methods that rely on feature filtering or smoothing, which can lead…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Dong Lao , Yuxiang Zhang , Haniyeh Ehsani Oskouie , Yangchao Wu , Alex Wong , Stefano Soatto

Adversarial examples pose a significant challenge to the robustness, reliability and alignment of deep neural networks. We propose a novel, easy-to-use approach to achieving high-quality representations that lead to adversarial robustness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Stanislav Fort , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Transfer adversarial attack is a non-trivial black-box adversarial attack that aims to craft adversarial perturbations on the surrogate model and then apply such perturbations to the victim model. However, the transferability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Shuman Fang , Jie Li , Xianming Lin , Rongrong Ji

Robustness to adversarial examples of machine learning models remains an open topic of research. Attacks often succeed by repeatedly probing a fixed target model with adversarial examples purposely crafted to fool it. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Abderrahmen Amich , Birhanu Eshete

Deep learning has achieved great success in computer vision, but remains vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Adversarial training is the leading defense designed to improve model robustness. However, its effect on the transferability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Mohamed Awad , Mahmoud Akrm , Walid Gomaa

Mixture of Experts (MoE) have shown remarkable success in leveraging specialized expert networks for complex machine learning tasks. However, their susceptibility to adversarial attacks presents a critical challenge for deployment in robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xu Zhang , Kaidi Xu , Ziqing Hu , Ren Wang

We study the model robustness against adversarial examples, referred to as small perturbed input data that may however fool many state-of-the-art deep learning models. Unlike previous research, we establish a novel theory addressing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Shufei Zhang , Kaizhu Huang , Zenglin Xu

Many deep learning algorithms can be easily fooled with simple adversarial examples. To address the limitations of existing defenses, we devised a probabilistic framework that can generate an exponentially large ensemble of models from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-11 George A. Adam , Petr Smirnov , David Duvenaud , Benjamin Haibe-Kains , Anna Goldenberg

Adversarial robustness evaluation faces a critical challenge as new defense paradigms emerge that can exploit limitations in existing assessment methods. This paper reveals that Dummy Classes-based defenses, which introduce an additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yunrui Yu , Xuxiang Feng , Pengda Qin , Pengyang Wang , Kafeng Wang , Cheng-zhong Xu , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Neural networks' lack of robustness against attacks raises concerns in security-sensitive settings such as autonomous vehicles. While many countermeasures may look promising, only a few withstand rigorous evaluation. Defenses using random…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Chawin Sitawarin , Zachary Golan-Strieb , David Wagner

Despite multiple efforts made towards robust machine learning (ML) models, their vulnerability to adversarial examples remains a challenging problem that calls for rethinking the defense strategy. In this paper, we take a step back and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Abderrahmen Amich , Birhanu Eshete

Adversarial machine learning is a well-studied field of research where an adversary causes predictable errors in a machine learning algorithm through precise manipulation of the input. Numerous techniques have been proposed to harden…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Pratik Vaishnavi , Kevin Eykholt , Atul Prakash , Amir Rahmati

Tree ensembles are one of the most widely used model classes. However, these models are susceptible to adversarial examples, i.e., slightly perturbed examples that elicit a misprediction. There has been significant research on designing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Lorenzo Cascioli , Laurens Devos , Ondřej Kuželka , Jesse Davis

In recent years, the usage of ensemble learning in applications has grown significantly due to increasing computational power allowing the training of large ensembles in reasonable time frames. Many applications, e.g., malware detection,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Peter Domanski , Dirk Pflüger , Jochen Rivoir , Raphaël Latty

As deep learning applications, especially programs of computer vision, are increasingly deployed in our lives, we have to think more urgently about the security of these applications.One effective way to improve the security of deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Xiao Tan , Jingbo Gao , Ruolin Li

Pretrained language models (PLMs) perform poorly under adversarial attacks. To improve the adversarial robustness, adversarial data augmentation (ADA) has been widely adopted to cover more search space of adversarial attacks by adding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Chenglei Si , Zhengyan Zhang , Fanchao Qi , Zhiyuan Liu , Yasheng Wang , Qun Liu , Maosong Sun

Deep neural network (DNN) has demonstrated its success in multiple domains. However, DNN models are inherently vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are generated by adding adversarial perturbations to benign inputs to fool the DNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Wenqi Wei , Ling Liu , Margaret Loper , Ka-Ho Chow , Emre Gursoy , Stacey Truex , Yanzhao Wu

Adversarial training, which is to enhance robustness against adversarial attacks, has received much attention because it is easy to generate human-imperceptible perturbations of data to deceive a given deep neural network. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-02 Dongyoon Yang , Insung Kong , Yongdai Kim

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are found to be vulnerable to adversarial noise. They are typically misled by adversarial samples to make wrong predictions. To alleviate this negative effect, in this paper, we investigate the dependence between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Dawei Zhou , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao , Bo Han , Xiaoyu Wang , Yibing Zhan , Tongliang Liu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of applications, while they are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which motivates the evaluation and benchmark of model robustness. However, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Jun Guo , Wei Bao , Jiakai Wang , Yuqing Ma , Xinghai Gao , Gang Xiao , Aishan Liu , Jian Dong , Xianglong Liu , Wenjun Wu