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Low earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations, integrating government space systems and commercial practices, have emerged as enabling technologies for the sixth generation (6G) networks due to their good merits of global coverage and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Lin Shih-Chun , Lin Chia-Hung , Chu Liang C. , Lien Shao-Yu

The handover (HO) procedure is one of the most critical functions in a cellular network driven by measurements of the user channel of the serving and neighboring cells. The success rate of the entire HO procedure is significantly affected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Dino Pjanić , Alexandros Sopasakis , Andres Reial , Fredrik Tufvesson

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites play a pivotal role in global connectivity-delivering high-speed Internet, cellular coverage, and massive IoT support. With ever-growing onboard computing and storage resources, LEO satellites herald a new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhiyuan Zhao , Jiasheng Wu , Shaojie Su , Wenjun Zhu , Yue Gao

The fast motion of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites causes the propagation channel to vary rapidly, and its behavior is strongly shaped by the surrounding environment, especially at low elevation angles where signals are highly susceptible…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jingyi Tian , Lin Cai

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellations with hundreds or thousands of satellites and inter-satellite links (ISLs) have the potential to provide global end-to-end connectivity. Furthermore, if the physical distance between source…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Rasmus Sibbern Frederiksen , Thomas Gundgaard Mulvad , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Tatiana Kozlova Madsen , Federico Chiariotti

Starlink and alike have attracted a lot of attention recently, however, the inner working of these low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite networks is still largely unknown. This paper presents an ongoing measurement campaign focusing on Starlink,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Jianping Pan , Jinwei Zhao , Lin Cai

The number of satellites, especially those operating in low-earth orbit (LEO), is exploding in recent years. Additionally, the use of COTS hardware into those satellites enables a new paradigm of computing: orbital edge computing (OEC). OEC…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Changhao Wu , Yuanchun Li , Mengwei Xu , Chongbin Guo , Zengshan Yin , Weiwei Gao , Chuanxiu Chi

We investigate a multi-low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite system that simultaneously provides positioning and communication services to terrestrial user terminals. To address the challenges of accurately acquiring channel state information in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yuchen Zhang , Pinjun Zheng , Jie Ma , Henk Wymeersch , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

This work provides a rigorous methodology for assessing the feasibility of spectrum sharing between large low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations. For concreteness, we focus on the existing Starlink system and the soon-to-be-launched…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Jeffrey G. Andrews

Delivering broadband connectivity to unconnected areas is extremely challenging. The emergence of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems has been seen as a potential solution for connecting remote areas. Despite the hype around these new…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-25 Osoro B. Ogutu , Edward J. Oughton

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks with mega constellations have the potential to provide 5G and beyond services ubiquitously. However, these networks may introduce mutual interference to both satellite and terrestrial networks,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-23 Daeun Kim , Jeonghun Park , Jinseok Choi , Namyoon Lee

Handover measurement is responsible for finding a handover target and directly decides the performance of mobility management. It is governed by a complex combination of parameters dealing with multi-cell scenarios and system dynamics. A…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-02-03 Van Minh Nguyen , Chung Shue Chen , Laurent Thomas

A critical problem in global telecommunication is the drastic increase in data volume transmitted and received across the world. To address the need for scalable telecommunication solutions in light of growing data volume, the BMW Group and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Sean Batir , Nicholas Humann , Carmel Ortiz , David Bettinger , Susanne Heger , Bennie Vorster

Satellite systems face a significant challenge in effectively utilizing limited communication resources to meet the demands of ground network traffic, characterized by asymmetrical spatial distribution and time-varying characteristics.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Sheikh Salman Hassan , Yu Min Park , Yan Kyaw Tun , Walid Saad , Zhu Han , Choong Seon Hong

Modern Earth Observation (EO) missions generate massive volumes of imagery that challenge existing downlink and ground-processing capabilities, particularly for time-critical applications. This work investigates how a low Earth orbit (LEO)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Beatriz Soret , Antonio M. Mercado-Martínez , Antonio Jurado-Navas , Nicolai D. Lyholm , Marco Moretti , Petar Popovski , Israel Leyva-Mayorga

With numerous ongoing deployments owned by private companies and startups, dense satellite constellations deployed in low Earth orbit (LEO) will play a major role in the near future of wireless communications. In addition, the 3rd…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski

The extension of 5G connectivity through Low-Earth Orbit satellite systems introduces significant technical challenges, particularly due to time-varying propagation delays and high Doppler shifts resulting from satellite motion. While the…

Interest in the use of the low earth orbit (LEO) in space - from $160 \text{ km}$ to $2000 \text{ km}$ - has skyrocketed; this is evident by the fact that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has partnered with various…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Don-Roberts Emenonye , Harpreet S. Dhillon , R. Michael Buehrer

This paper proposes a graph neural network (GNN)-based space multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) framework, named GSM, for direct-to-cell communications, aiming to achieve distributed coordinated beamforming for low Earth orbit (LEO)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-11 Sai Xu , Yanan Du , Gaojie Chen , Rahim Tafazolli

Large networks of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are being built using inter-satellite lasers. These networks promise to offer low-latency wide-area connectivity, but reliably routing such traffic is difficult, as satellites are very…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Stefano Vissicchio , Mark Handley