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Climbing soft robots are of tremendous interest in both science and engineering due to their potential applications in intelligent surveillance, inspection, maintenance, and detection under environments away from the ground. The challenge…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 Yichao Tang , Qiuting Zhang , Gaojian Lin , Jie Yin

In assistive robots, compliant actuator is a key component in establishing safe and satisfactory physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). The performance of compliant actuators largely depends on the stiffness of the elastic element.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Yuepeng Qian , Shuaishuai Han , Gabriel Aguirre-Ollinger , Chenglong Fu , Haoyong Yu

This article presents a novel SOFA based finite element method for the soft body modeling and the corresponding dynamic simulation and control of a pneumatic morphing soft quadrotor. The proposed modeling preserves the physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 F. Labra Caso , V. Sumathy , P. Ferrentino , B. Vanderborght , J. Haluska , G. Nikolakopoulos

This paper expounds the design and control of a new Variable Stiffness Series Elastic Actuator (VSSEA). It is established by employing a modular mechanical design approach that allows us to effectively optimise the stiffness modulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Emre Sariyildiz , Rahim Mutlu , Jon Roberts , Chin-Hsing Kuo , Barkan Ugurlu

Intrinsically elastic robots surpass their rigid counterparts in a range of different characteristics. By temporarily storing potential energy and subsequently converting it to kinetic energy, elastic robots are capable of highly dynamic…

Soft electronics are a promising and revolutionary alternative for traditional electronics when safe physical interaction between machines and the human body is required. Among various materials architectures developed for producing soft…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-04-16 Kaveh Alizadeh

Due to their inherent compliance, soft robots are more versatile than rigid linked robots when they interact with their environment, such as object manipulation or biomimetic motion, and considered the key element in introducing robots to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Yasunori Toshimitsu , Ki Wan Wong , Thomas Buchner , Robert Katzschmann

Variable stiffness actuator (VSA) designs are manifold. Conventional model-based control of these nonlinear systems is associated with high effort and design-dependent assumptions. In contrast, machine learning offers a promising…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-17 Tim-Lukas Habich , Sarah Kleinjohann , Moritz Schappler

Soft optical tactile sensors enable robots to manipulate deformable objects by capturing important features such as high-resolution contact geometry and estimations of object compliance. This work presents a variable stiffness soft tactile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Carolyn Matl , Josephine Koe , Ruzena Bajcsy

Rapid and versatile object manipulation in air is an open challenge. An energy-efficient and adaptive soft gripper combined with an agile aerial vehicle could revolutionize aerial robotic manipulation in areas such as warehousing. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Dario Tscholl , Stephan-Daniel Gravert , Aurel X. Appius , Robert K. Katzschmann

Soft robots are promising for manipulation tasks thanks to their compliance, safety, and high degree of freedom. However, the commonly used bidirectional continuum segment design means soft robotic manipulators only function in a limited…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Philipp Wand , Oliver Fischer , Robert K. Katzschmann

Soft parallel robots with their manipulation safety and low commercial cost show a promising future for delicate operations and safe human-robot interactions. However, promoting the use of electroactive polymers (EAPs) is still challenging…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jung-Che Chang , Xi Wang , Dragos Axinte , Xin Dong

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a promising solution for handling the complexity of fabricating soft robots. However, the AM of hyperelastic materials is still challenging with a limited material range. Within this work, pellet-based 3D…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Nick Willemstein , Mohammad Ebrahim Imanian , Herman van der Kooij , Ali Sadeghi

Soft robotic systems offer benefits over traditional rigid systems through reduced contact trauma with soft tissues and by enabling access through tortuous paths in minimally invasive surgery. However, the inherent deformability of soft…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-04 James Avery , Mark Runciman , Ara Darzi , George P. Mylonas

Wearable electronics are emerging as essential tools for health monitoring, haptic feedback, and human-computer interactions. While stable contact at the device-body interface is critical for these applications, it remains challenging due…

Soft robots are intrinsically capable of adapting to different environments by changing their shape in response to interaction forces with the environment. However, sensing and feedback are still required for higher level decisions and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-10-18 Shibo Zou , Sergio Picella , Jelle de Vries , Vera Kortman , Aimée Sakes , Johannes T. B. Overvelde

Robotic manipulators capable of regulating both compliance and stiffness offer enhanced operational safety and versatility. Here, we introduce Worm Gear-based Adaptive Variable Elasticity (WAVE), a variable stiffness actuator (VSA) that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Moses Gladson Selvamuthu , Tomoya Takahashi , Riichiro Tadakuma , Kazutoshi Tanaka

One of the trendsetting themes in soft robotics has been the goal of developing the ultimate universal soft robotic gripper. One that is capable of manipulating items of various shapes, sizes, thicknesses, textures, and weights. All the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Ryo Kanno , Pham H. Nguyen , Joshua Pinskier , David Howard , Sukho Song , Mirko Kovac

Shape displays are a class of haptic devices that enable whole-hand haptic exploration of 3D surfaces. However, their scalability is limited by the mechanical complexity and high cost of traditional actuator arrays. In this paper, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Ahad M. Rauf , Jack S. Bernardo , Sean Follmer

Stroke-induced motor impairment often results in substantial loss of upper-limb function, creating a strong demand for rehabilitation robots that enable safe and transparent physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). Variable stiffness…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Maozeng Zhang , Ke Shi , Huijun Li , Tongshu Chen , Jiejun Yan , Aiguo Song