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Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification relies on Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) with spatial patch features, yet existing methods struggle to capture global dependencies due to the immense size of WSIs and the local nature of patch…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Anthony Bilic , Guangyu Sun , Ming Li , Md Sanzid Bin Hossain , Yu Tian , Wei Zhang , Laura Brattain , Dexter Hadley , Chen Chen

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) or histopathology images are used in digital pathology. WSIs pose great challenges to deep learning models for clinical diagnosis, owing to their size and lack of pixel-level annotations. With the recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Soham Rohit Chitnis , Sidong Liu , Tirtharaj Dash , Tanmay Tulsidas Verlekar , Antonio Di Ieva , Shlomo Berkovsky , Lovekesh Vig , Ashwin Srinivasan

Whole slide imaging (WSI) has transformed digital pathology by enabling computational analysis of gigapixel histopathology images. Recent foundation model advances have accelerated progress in computational pathology, facilitating joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Peihang Wu , Zehong Chen , Lijian Xu

Interpreting machine learning model decisions is crucial for high-risk applications like healthcare. In digital pathology, large whole slide images (WSIs) are decomposed into smaller tiles and tile-derived features are processed by…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-03 Tomé Albuquerque , Anil Yüce , Markus D. Herrmann , Alvaro Gomariz

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has become the predominant approach for classification tasks on gigapixel histopathology whole slide images (WSIs). Within the MIL framework, single WSIs (bags) are decomposed into patches (instances), with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Daniel Sens , Ario Sadafi , Francesco Paolo Casale , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr

We propose a new method for cancer subtype classification from histopathological images, which can automatically detect tumor-specific features in a given whole slide image (WSI). The cancer subtype should be classified by referring to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Noriaki Hashimoto , Daisuke Fukushima , Ryoichi Koga , Yusuke Takagi , Kaho Ko , Kei Kohno , Masato Nakaguro , Shigeo Nakamura , Hidekata Hontani , Ichiro Takeuchi

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable potential in bridging visual and textual modalities. In computational pathology, domain-specific VLMs, which are pre-trained on extensive histopathology image-text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Anh Tien Nguyen , Keunho Byeon , Kyungeun Kim , Jin Tae Kwak

We developed a software pipeline for quality control (QC) of histopathology whole slide images (WSIs) that segments various regions, such as blurs of different levels, tissue regions, tissue folds, and pen marks. Given the necessity and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Abhijeet Patil , Garima Jain , Harsh Diwakar , Jay Sawant , Tripti Bameta , Swapnil Rane , Amit Sethi

Supervised deep learning methods have achieved considerable success in medical image analysis, owing to the availability of large-scale and well-annotated datasets. However, creating such datasets for whole slide images (WSIs) in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Hao Wang , Euijoon Ahn , Jinman Kim

The development of computational pathology lies in the consensus that pathological characteristics of tumors are significant guidance for cancer diagnostics. Most existing research focuses on the inner-contextual information within each WSI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jun Shi , Tong Shu , Zhiguo Jiang , Wei Wang , Haibo Wu , Yushan Zheng

Existing WSI analysis methods lie on the consensus that histopathological characteristics of tumors are significant guidance for cancer diagnostics. Particularly, as the evolution of cancers is a continuous process, the correlations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Tong Shu , Jun Shi , Dongdong Sun , Zhiguo Jiang , Yushan Zheng

This study introduces a new framework for the artificial intelligence-assisted characterization of Gram-stained whole-slide images (WSIs). As a test for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections, Gram stains provide critical early data to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Jack McMahon , Naofumi Tomita , Elizabeth S. Tatishev , Adrienne A. Workman , Cristina R Costales , Niaz Banaei , Isabella W. Martin , Saeed Hassanpour

Recent advancements in computational pathology and artificial intelligence have significantly improved whole slide image (WSI) classification. However, the gigapixel resolution of WSIs and the scarcity of manual annotations present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Mingxi Ouyang , Yuqiu Fu , Renao Yan , ShanShan Shi , Xitong Ling , Lianghui Zhu , Yonghong He , Tian Guan

The segmentation and automatic identification of histological regions of diagnostic interest offer a valuable aid to pathologists. However, segmentation methods are hampered by the difficulty of obtaining pixel-level annotations, which are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-02 Pushpak Pati , Guillaume Jaume , Zeineb Ayadi , Kevin Thandiackal , Behzad Bozorgtabar , Maria Gabrani , Orcun Goksel

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) plays a significant role in computational pathology, enabling weakly supervised analysis of Whole Slide Image (WSI) datasets. The field of WSI analysis is confronted with a severe long-tailed distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xitong Ling , Yifeng Ping , Jiawen Li , Jing Peng , Yuxuan Chen , Minxi Ouyang , Yizhi Wang , Yonghong He , Tian Guan , Xiaoping Liu , Lianghui Zhu

Digitizing pathological images into gigapixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs) has opened new avenues for Computational Pathology (CPath). As positive tissue comprises only a small fraction of gigapixel WSIs, existing Multiple Instance Learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Wenhao Tang , Sheng Huang , Heng Fang , Fengtao Zhou , Bo Liu , Qingshan Liu

We consider machine-learning-based thyroid-malignancy prediction from cytopathology whole-slide images (WSI). Multiple instance learning (MIL) approaches, typically used for the analysis of WSIs, divide the image (bag) into patches…

Deploying digital pathology models across medical centers is challenging due to distribution shifts. Recent advances in domain generalization improve model transferability in terms of aggregated performance measured by the Area Under Curve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Arthur Pignet , John Klein , Genevieve Robin , Antoine Olivier

Though multiple instance learning (MIL) has been a foundational strategy in computational pathology for processing whole slide images (WSIs), current approaches are designed for traditional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides rather than…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Marc Harary , Eliezer M. Van Allen , William Lotter

Fine-grained classification of whole slide images (WSIs) is essential in precision oncology, enabling precise cancer diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. The core of this task involves distinguishing subtle morphological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Cheng Jin , Luyang Luo , Huangjing Lin , Jun Hou , Hao Chen