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The classical theorem of Vizing states that every graph of maximum degree $d$ admits an edge-coloring with at most $d+1$ colors. Furthermore, as it was earlier shown by K\H{o}nig, $d$ colors suffice if the graph is bipartite. We investigate…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-23 Endre Csóka , Gabor Lippner , Oleg Pikhurko

We study a generalisation of Vizing's theorem, where the goal is to simultaneously colour the edges of graphs $G_1,\dots,G_k$ with few colours. We obtain asymptotically optimal bounds for the required number of colours in terms of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-07 Simona Boyadzhiyska , Richard Lang , Allan Lo , Michael Molloy

K\"onig's edge coloring theorem says that a bipartite graph with maximal degree $n$ has an edge coloring with no more than $n$ colors. We explore the computability theory and Reverse Mathematics aspects of this theorem. Computable bipartite…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-09-03 Carl Mummert

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple graph of maximum degree $\Delta$. The edges of $G$ can be colored with at most $\Delta +1$ colors by Vizing's theorem. We study lower bounds on the size of subgraphs of $G$ that can be colored with $\Delta$ colors.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-03-04 Marcin Kamiński , Łukasz Kowalik

Fix a palette $\mathcal K$ of $\Delta+1$ colours, a graph with maximum degree $\Delta$, and a subset $M$ of the edge set with minimum distance between edges at least $9$. If the edges of $M$ are arbitrarily precoloured from $\mathcal K$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-31 António Girão , Ross J. Kang

In 1964 Vizing proved that starting from any k-edge-coloring of a graph G one can reach, using only Kempe swaps, a ($\Delta$ + 1)-edge-coloring of G where $\Delta$ is the maximum degree of G. One year later he conjectured that one can also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-28 Jonathan Narboni

In 1995, Galvin proved that a bipartite graph $G$ admits a list edge coloring if every edge is assigned a color list of length $\Delta(G)$, the maximum degree of the graph. This result was improved by Borodin, Kostochka and Woodall, who…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-19 Yu Yokoi

This paper explores the application of a new algebraic method of color exchanges to the edge coloring of simple graphs. Vizing's theorem states that the edge coloring of a simple graph $G$ requires either $\Delta$ or $\Delta+1$ colors,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-04-12 Tony T. Lee , Yujie Wan , Hao Guan

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. A (proper) $k$-edge-coloring is a coloring of the edges of $G$ such that any pair of edges sharing an endpoint receive distinct colors. A classical result of Vizing ensures that any simple graph $G$ admits a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Nicolas Bousquet , Bastien Durain

Vizing's theorem states that every simple undirected graph can be edge-colored using fewer than $\Delta + 1$ colors, where $\Delta$ is the graph's maximum degree. The original proof was given through a polynomial-time algorithmic procedure…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Arohee Bhoja

We prove that if $M$ is a maximal $k$-edge-colorable subgraph of a multigraph $G$ and if $F = \{v \in V(G) : d_M(v) \leq k-\mu(v)\}$, then $d_F(v) \leq d_M(v)$ for all $v \in F$. (When $G$ is a simple graph, the set $F$ is just the set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-16 Gregory J. Puleo

Vizing's theorem states that any $n$-vertex $m$-edge graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be edge colored using at most $\Delta + 1$ different colors [Vizing, 1964]. Vizing's original proof is algorithmic and shows that such an edge…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Sepehr Assadi , Soheil Behnezhad , Sayan Bhattacharya , Martín Costa , Shay Solomon , Tianyi Zhang

Vizing's theorem states that any $n$-vertex $m$-edge graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be {\em edge colored} using at most $\Delta + 1$ different colors [Diskret.~Analiz, '64]. Vizing's original proof is algorithmic and shows that such…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Sayan Bhattacharya , Din Carmon , Martín Costa , Shay Solomon , Tianyi Zhang

\textit{Total Coloring} of a graph is a major coloring problem in combinatorial mathematics, introduced in the early $1960$s. A \textit{total coloring} of a graph $G$ is a map $f:V(G) \cup E(G) \rightarrow \mathcal{K}$, where $\mathcal{K}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-18 T Srinivasa Murthy

Edwards, van den Heuvel, Kang, and Sereni conjectured the following strengthening of Vizing's Theorem: let $G$ be a simple graph, and let $K = \Delta(G) + 1$. For any matching $M$ in $G$ and any precoloring of the edges in $M$ using the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-18 Gregory J. Puleo

This paper is concerned with two conjectures which are intimately related. The first is a generalization to hypergraphs of Vizing's Theorem on the chromatic index of a graph and the second is the well-known conjecture of Erd\H{o}s, Faber…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-12 Alain Bretto , Alain Faisant , Francois Hennecart

The problem of sampling edge-colorings of graphs with maximum degree $\Delta$ has received considerable attention and efficient algorithms are available when the number of colors is large enough with respect to $\Delta$. Vizing's theorem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Lucas De Meyer , František Kardoš , Aurélie Lagoutte , Guillem Perarnau

We establish two versions of Vizing's theorem for Borel multi-graphs whose vertex degrees and edge multiplicities are uniformly bounded by respectively $\Delta$ and $\pi$. The ``approximate'' version states that, for any Borel probability…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Jan Grebík , Oleg Pikhurko

Let $G$ be a graph with maximum degree $\Delta(G)$ and maximum multiplicity $\mu(G)$. Vizing and Gupta, independently, proved in the 1960s that the chromatic index of $G$ is at most $\Delta(G)+\mu(G)$. The distance between two edges $e$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Yan Cao , Guantao Chen , Guangming Jing , Xuli Qi , Songling Shan

Vizing's Theorem from 1964 states that any $n$-vertex $m$-edge graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ can be {\em edge colored} using at most $\Delta + 1$ colors. For over 40 years, the state-of-the-art running time for computing such a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Sayan Bhattacharya , Martín Costa , Shay Solomon , Tianyi Zhang
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