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Multimodal learning integrates information from different modalities to enhance model performance, yet it often suffers from modality imbalance, where dominant modalities overshadow weaker ones during joint optimization. This paper reveals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xiaoyu Ma , Hao Chen

Multimodal learning typically relies on the assumption that all modalities are fully available during both the training and inference phases. However, in real-world scenarios, consistently acquiring complete multimodal data presents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Donggeun Kim , Taesup Kim

Learning from multiple modalities often suffers from imbalance, where information-rich modalities dominate optimization while weaker or partially missing modalities contribute less. This imbalance becomes severe in realistic settings with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Phuong-Anh Nguyen , Tien Anh Pham , Duc-Trong Le , Cam-Van Thi Nguyen

Traditional multimodal methods often assume static modality quality, which limits their adaptability in dynamic real-world scenarios. Thus, dynamical multimodal methods are proposed to assess modality quality and adjust their contribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Shicai Wei , Kaijie Zhang , Luyi Chen , Tao He , Guiduo Duan

Multimodal learning integrates diverse modalities but suffers from modality imbalance, where dominant modalities suppress weaker ones due to inconsistent convergence rates. Existing methods predominantly rely on static modulation or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zhaocheng Liu , Zhiwen Yu , Xiaoqing Liu

Multimodal learning helps to comprehensively understand the world, by integrating different senses. Accordingly, multiple input modalities are expected to boost model performance, but we actually find that they are not fully exploited even…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Xiaokang Peng , Yake Wei , Andong Deng , Dong Wang , Di Hu

Missing modality issues are common in real-world applications, arising from factors such as equipment failures and privacy concerns. When fine-tuning pre-trained models on downstream datasets with missing modalities, performance can degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zirun Guo , Shulei Wang , Wang Lin , Weicai Yan , Yangyang Wu , Tao Jin

While the field of multi-modal learning keeps growing fast, the deficiency of the standard joint training paradigm has become clear through recent studies. They attribute the sub-optimal performance of the jointly trained model to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Hong Li , Xingyu Li , Pengbo Hu , Yinuo Lei , Chunxiao Li , Yi Zhou

Multimodal learning holds promise for richer information extraction by capturing dependencies across data sources. Yet, current training methods often underperform due to modality competition, a phenomenon where modalities contend for…

The aim of multimodal neural networks is to combine diverse data sources, referred to as modalities, to achieve enhanced performance compared to relying on a single modality. However, training of multimodal networks is typically hindered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Alejandro Guerra-Manzanares , Farah E. Shamout

Unsupervised pre-training has shown great success in skeleton-based action understanding recently. Existing works typically train separate modality-specific models, then integrate the multi-modal information for action understanding by a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Shengkai Sun , Daizong Liu , Jianfeng Dong , Xiaoye Qu , Junyu Gao , Xun Yang , Xun Wang , Meng Wang

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enhanced their versatility as they integrate a growing number of modalities. Considering the heavy cost of training MLLMs, it is efficient to reuse the existing ones and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Dingkun Zhang , Shuhan Qi , Xinyu Xiao , Kehai Chen , Xuan Wang

Model agnostic meta-learning (MAML) is a popular state-of-the-art meta-learning algorithm that provides good weight initialization of a model given a variety of learning tasks. The model initialized by provided weight can be fine-tuned to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Thanh Nguyen , Tung Luu , Trung Pham , Sanzhar Rakhimkul , Chang D. Yoo

Multi-modal learning is a fast growing area in artificial intelligence. It tries to help machines understand complex things by combining information from different sources, like images, text, and audio. By using the strengths of each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Qihang Jin , Enze Ge , Yuhang Xie , Hongying Luo , Junhao Song , Ziqian Bi , Chia Xin Liang , Jibin Guan , Joe Yeong , Xinyuan Song , Junfeng Hao

Multimodal learning faces two major challenges: modality imbalance and data noise, which significantly affect the robustness and generalization ability of models. Existing methods achieve modality balance by suppressing dominant modalities,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Zijing Xu , Yunfeng Kou , Kunming Wu , Hong Liu

This paper explores a novel multi-modal alternating learning paradigm pursuing a reconciliation between the exploitation of uni-modal features and the exploration of cross-modal interactions. This is motivated by the fact that current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Cong Hua , Qianqian Xu , Shilong Bao , Zhiyong Yang , Qingming Huang

Multimodal models often converge to a dominant-modality solution, in which a stronger, faster-converging modality overshadows weaker ones. This modality imbalance causes suboptimal performance. Existing methods attempt to balance different…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zechang Xiong , Da Li , Kexin Tang , Pengyuan Li , Wenkang Kong , Yulan Hu

Training multimodal networks requires a vast amount of data due to their larger parameter space compared to unimodal networks. Active learning is a widely used technique for reducing data annotation costs by selecting only those samples…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Meng Shen , Yizheng Huang , Jianxiong Yin , Heqing Zou , Deepu Rajan , Simon See

Multimodal machine learning has achieved remarkable progress in a wide range of scenarios. However, the reliability of multimodal learning remains largely unexplored. In this paper, through extensive empirical studies, we identify current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Huan Ma. Qingyang Zhang , Changqing Zhang , Bingzhe Wu , Huazhu Fu , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Qinghua Hu

Incomplete multi-modal emotion recognition (IMER) aims at understanding human intentions and sentiments by comprehensively exploring the partially observed multi-source data. Although the multi-modal data is expected to provide more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Wen-Jue He , Xiaofeng Zhu , Zheng Zhang