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As quantum computing approaches its first commercial implementations, quantum simulation emerges as a potentially ground-breaking technology for several domains, including Biology and Chemistry. However, taking advantage of quantum…

The development of quantum algorithms to solve quantum chemistry problems has offered a promising new paradigm of performing computer simulations at the scale of atoms and molecules. Although majority of the research so far has focused on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-29 Nirmal M R , Shampa Sarkar , Manoj Nambiar

Variational quantum algorithms have shown promise in numerous fields due to their versatility in solving problems of scientific and commercial interest. However, leading algorithms for Hamiltonian simulation, such as the Variational Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-27 Arthur G. Rattew , Shaohan Hu , Marco Pistoia , Richard Chen , Steve Wood

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical technique that leverages noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) hardware to obtain the minimum eigenvalue of a model Hamiltonian. VQE has so far been used to simulate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-18 Marwa H. Farag , Joydip Ghosh

The exact evaluation of the molecular ground state in quantum chemistry requires an exponentially increasing computational cost. Quantum computation is a promising way to overcome the exponential problem using polynomial-time quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-30 Changsu Cao , Jiaqi Hu , Wengang Zhang , Xusheng Xu , Dechin Chen , Fan Yu , Jun Li , Hanshi Hu , Dingshun Lv , Man-Hong Yung

Variational approaches, such as variational Monte Carlo (VMC) or the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), are powerful techniques to tackle the ground-state many-electron problem. Often, the family of variational states is not invariant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Javier Robledo Moreno , Jeffrey Cohn , Dries Sels , Mario Motta

Variational quantum eigensolver(VQE) typically minimizes energy with hybrid quantum-classical optimization, which aims to find the ground state. Here, we propose a VQE by minimizing energy variance, which is called as variance-VQE(VVQE).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-30 Dan-Bo Zhang , Zhan-Hao Yuan , Tao Yin

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a quantum algorithm used to find the ground state energy of a given Hamiltonian. The key component of VQE is the ansatz, which is a trial wavefunction that the algorithm uses to approximate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-05 Yilin Shen

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and its variants, which is a method for finding eigenstates and eigenenergies of a given Hamiltonian, are appealing applications of near-term quantum computers. Although the eigenenergies are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 Kosuke Mitarai , Yuya O. Nakagawa , Wataru Mizukami

Variational quantum eigensolvers (VQEs) are one of the most important and effective applications of quantum computing, especially in the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. There are mainly two ways for VQEs:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Xin Wang , Bo Qi , Yabo Wang , Daoyi Dong

We introduce a novel hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for the near-term computation of expectation values in quantum systems at finite temperatures. This is based on two stages: on the first one, a mixed state approximating a fiducial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-31 Giuseppe Clemente

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a Variational Quantum Algorithm (VQA) to determine the ground state of quantum-mechanical systems. As a VQA, it makes use of a classical computer to optimize parameter values for its quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Felix Truger , Johanna Barzen , Frank Leymann , Julian Obst

The development of quantum algorithms and their application to quantum chemistry has introduced new opportunities for solving complex molecular problems that are computationally infeasible for classical methods. In quantum chemistry, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-18 Fabio Tarocco , Davide Materia , Leonardo Ratini , Leonardo Guidoni

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for quantum simulation that can be run on near-term quantum hardware. A challenge in VQE -- as well as any other heuristic algorithm for finding ground states…

Molecular quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) may provide low-power, high-speed computational hardware for processing classical information. Simulation and modeling play an important role in the design of QCA circuits because fully-coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Nischal Binod Gautam , Enrique P. Blair

Finding accurate ground state energy of a many-body system has been a major challenge in quantum chemistry. The integration of classic and quantum computers has shed new light on resolving this outstanding problem. Here we propose…

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a leading approach for near-term quantum computing but face major optimization challenges from noise, barren plateaus, and complex energy landscapes. We benchmarked more than fifty metaheuristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Vojtěch Novák , Ivan Zelinka , Václav Snášel

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm, designed to calculate the energy of molecular ground states on near-term quantum computers, requires specification of symmetries that describe the system, e.g. spin state and number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-18 Gabriel Greene-Diniz , David Muñoz Ramo

Quantum Computing is believed to be the ultimate solution for quantum chemistry problems. Before the advent of large-scale, fully fault-tolerant quantum computers, the variational quantum eigensolver~(VQE) is a promising heuristic quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Chu Guo , Yi Fan , Zhiqian Xu , Honghui Shang

We present a novel method for improving the quantum simulation of the ground state energy of molecules. We perform a pre-processing step classically, which reduces the dimensionality of the problem by generating a custom mapping which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-03 Kaur Kristjuhan , Mark Nicholas Jones
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