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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring reliable deployment of machine learning models. Recent advancements focus on utilizing easily accessible auxiliary outliers (e.g., data from the web or other datasets) in training.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Haiyun Yao , Zongbo Han , Huazhu Fu , Xi Peng , Qinghua Hu , Changqing Zhang

We study the problem of efficiently detecting Out-of-Distribution (OOD) samples at test time in supervised and unsupervised learning contexts. While ML models are typically trained under the assumption that training and test data stem from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Alberto Caron , Chris Hicks , Vasilios Mavroudis

Nowadays, Deep Learning (DL) methods often overcome the limitations of traditional signal processing approaches. Nevertheless, DL methods are barely applied in real-life applications. This is mainly due to limited robustness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Julius Ott , Lorenzo Servadei , Gianfranco Mauro , Thomas Stadelmayer , Avik Santra , Robert Wille

A recent popular approach to out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is based on a self-supervised learning technique referred to as contrastive learning. There are two main variants of contrastive learning, namely instance and class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Nawid Keshtmand , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Jonathan Lawry

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection identifies test samples that differ from the training data, which is critical to ensuring the safety and reliability of machine learning (ML) systems. While a plethora of methods have been developed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Viet Duong , Qiong Wu , Zhengyi Zhou , Eric Zavesky , Jiahe Chen , Xiangzhou Liu , Wen-Ling Hsu , Huajie Shao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust and reliable machine-learning systems in open-world settings. Despite steady advances in OOD detectors, their interplay with modern training pipelines that maximize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Gerhard Krumpl , Henning Avenhaus , Horst Possegger

In many real-world settings, machine learning models need to identify user inputs that are out-of-domain (OOD) so as to avoid performing wrong actions. This work focuses on a challenging case of OOD detection, where no labels for in-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Di Jin , Shuyang Gao , Seokhwan Kim , Yang Liu , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection lies at the heart of robust artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to identify samples from novel distributions beyond the training set. Recent approaches have exploited feature representations as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Tarhib Al Azad , Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

In imitation learning from observation IfO, a learning agent seeks to imitate a demonstrating agent using only observations of the demonstrated behavior without access to the control signals generated by the demonstrator. Recent methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Faraz Torabi , Garrett Warnell , Peter Stone

Offline Imitation Learning (IL) methods such as Behavior Cloning are effective at acquiring complex robotic manipulation skills. However, existing IL-trained policies are confined to executing the task at the same speed as shown in…

Machine learning society has witnessed the emergence of a myriad of Out-of-Distribution (OoD) algorithms, which address the distribution shift between the training and the testing distribution by searching for a unified predictor or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Runpeng Yu , Songhua Liu , Xingyi Yang , Xinchao Wang

Imitation learning seeks to learn an expert policy from sampled demonstrations. However, in the real world, it is often difficult to find a perfect expert and avoiding dangerous behaviors becomes relevant for safety reasons. We present the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-26 David Venuto , Leonard Boussioux , Junhao Wang , Rola Dali , Jhelum Chakravorty , Yoshua Bengio , Doina Precup

By design, discriminatively trained neural network classifiers produce reliable predictions only for in-distribution samples. For their real-world deployments, detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is essential. Assuming OOD to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Sachin Vernekar , Ashish Gaurav , Vahdat Abdelzad , Taylor Denouden , Rick Salay , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising abilities of in-context learning (ICL), adapting swiftly to new tasks with only few-shot demonstrations. However, current few-shot methods heavily depend on high-quality, query-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Wei He , Shichun Liu , Jun Zhao , Yiwen Ding , Yi Lu , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Imitation learning (IL) from a state-based reinforcement learning (RL) policy is a common approach to overcome the curse of dimensionality in complex and high-dimensional observation spaces prevalent in robotics. This paper addresses the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Meraj Mammadov , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Johannes Andreas Stork

In this paper, we present a novel approach that combines deep metric learning and synthetic data generation using diffusion models for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. One popular approach for OOD detection is outlier exposure, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Assefa Seyoum Wahd

Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection aims to justify whether a given sample is from the training distribution of the classifier-under-protection, i.e., In-Distribution (InD), or from OoD. Diffusion Models (DMs) are recently utilized in OoD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Kun Fang , Qinghua Tao , Zuopeng Yang , Xiaolin Huang , Jie Yang

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is attractive in scenarios where reward engineering can be tedious. However, prior IRL algorithms use on-policy transitions, which require intensive sampling from the current policy for stable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Hana Hoshino , Kei Ota , Asako Kanezaki , Rio Yokota

It is essential for safety-critical applications of deep neural networks to determine when new inputs are significantly different from the training distribution. In this paper, we explore this out-of-distribution (OOD) detection problem for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Poulami Sinhamahapatra , Rajat Koner , Karsten Roscher , Stephan Günnemann

Systematics contaminate observables, leading to distribution shifts relative to theoretically simulated signals-posing a major challenge for using pre-trained models to label such observables. Since systematics are often poorly understood…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Sultan Hassan , Sambatra Andrianomena , Benjamin D. Wandelt