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Chemical staining methods are dependable but require extensive time, expensive chemicals, and raise environmental concerns. These challenges highlight the need for alternative solutions like virtual staining, which accelerates the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-02 Mehdi Ounissi , Ilias Sarbout , Jean-Pierre Hugot , Christine Martinez-Vinson , Dominique Berrebi , Daniel Racoceanu

Histopathological analysis is crucial in artery characterization for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, histology requires an invasive and time-consuming process. In this paper, we propose to generate virtual histology staining using…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-15 Xueshen Li , Hongshan Liu , Xiaoyu Song , Brigitta C. Brott , Silvio H. Litovsky , Yu Gan

Deep learning advances have revolutionized automated digital pathology analysis. However, differences in staining protocols and imaging conditions can introduce significant color variability. In deep learning, such color inconsistency often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Tianyue Xu , Yanlin Wu , Abhai K. Tripathi , Matthew M. Ippolito , Benjamin D. Haeffele

Virtual immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images can accelerate diagnostics by providing preliminary molecular insight directly from routine sections, reducing the need for repeat sectioning when tissue is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jillur Rahman Saurav , Thuong Le Hoai Pham , Pritam Mukherjee , Paul Yi , Brent A. Orr , Jacob M. Luber

Visualizing the details of different cellular structures is of great importance to elucidate cellular functions. However, it is challenging to obtain high quality images of different structures directly due to complex cellular environments.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-01 Yi Liu , Hao Yuan , Zhengyang Wang , Shuiwang Ji

Pathology deals with the practice of discovering the reasons for disease by analyzing the body samples. The most used way in this field, is to use histology which is basically studying and viewing microscopic structures of cell and tissues.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-08 Virender Ranga , Shivam Gupta , Priyansh Agrawal , Jyoti Meena

Histopathology refers to the examination by a pathologist of biopsy samples. Histopathology images are captured by a microscope to locate, examine, and classify many diseases, such as different cancer types. They provide a detailed view of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-12 Naira Elazab , Hassan Soliman , Shaker El-Sappagh , S. M. Riazul Islam , Mohammed Elmogy

Deep learning has recently gained popularity in digital pathology due to its high prediction quality. However, the medical domain requires explanation and insight for a better understanding beyond standard quantitative performance…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-28 Miriam Hägele , Philipp Seegerer , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Michael Bockmayr , Wojciech Samek , Frederick Klauschen , Klaus-Robert Müller , Alexander Binder

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables the visualization of gene expression within the context of tissue morphology. This emerging discipline has the potential to serve as a foundation for developing tools to design precision medicines.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-12 Shivam Kumar , Samrat Chatterjee

Conventional hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining is limited to revealing cell morphology and distribution, whereas immunohistochemical (IHC) staining provides precise and specific visualization of protein activation at the molecular level.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Fuqiang Chen , Ranran Zhang , Boyun Zheng , Yiwen Sun , Jiahui He , Wenjian Qin

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have exhibited remarkable success in the field of histopathology image analysis. On the other hand, the contemporary trend of employing large models and extensive datasets has underscored the significance of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Cong Cong , Shiyu Xuan , Sidong Liu , Maurice Pagnucco , Shiliang Zhang , Yang Song

Foundation models trained with self-supervised learning (SSL) on large-scale histological images have significantly accelerated the development of computational pathology. These models can serve as backbones for region-of-interest (ROI)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiawen Li , Jiali Hu , Xitong Ling , Yongqiang Lv , Yuxuan Chen , Yizhi Wang , Tian Guan , Yifei Liu , Yonghong He

Histopathology can help clinicians make accurate diagnoses, determine disease prognosis, and plan appropriate treatment strategies. As deep learning techniques prove successful in the medical domain, the primary challenges become limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Zhe Li , Bernhard Kainz

This paper introduces a Virtual Immunohistochemistry Multiplex staining (VIMs) model designed to generate multiple immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains from a single hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue section. IHC stains are crucial in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Shikha Dubey , Yosep Chong , Beatrice Knudsen , Shireen Y. Elhabian

Histological Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLSs) are increasingly recognized for their correlation with the efficacy of immunotherapy in various solid tumors. Traditionally, the identification and characterization of TLSs rely on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-27 Qiuli Wang , Yongxu Liu , Li Ma , Xianqi Wang , Wei Chen , Xiaohong Yao

Standard of care diagnostic procedure for suspected skin cancer is microscopic examination of hematoxylin \& eosin stained tissue by a pathologist. Areas of high inter-pathologist discordance and rising biopsy rates necessitate higher…

Histopathologic analysis of stained tissue remains central to biomedical research and clinical care. Virtual staining (VS) offers a promising alternative, with potential to reduce costs and streamline workflows, yet hallucinations pose…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 Ji-Hun Oh , Kianoush Falahkheirkhah , John Cheville , Rohit Bhargava

The application of supervised deep learning methods in digital pathology is limited due to their sensitivity to domain shift. Digital Pathology is an area prone to high variability due to many sources, including the common practice of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-24 Jelica Vasiljević , Friedrich Feuerhake , Cédric Wemmert , Thomas Lampert

In life sciences, fluorescent labeling techniques are used to study molecular structures and interactions of cells. However, this type of cell imaging has its own limitations, one of which is that the process of staining the cells could be…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-07 Eunjae Kim

Recently, deep neural networks have greatly advanced histopathology image segmentation but usually require abundant annotated data. However, due to the gigapixel scale of whole slide images and pathologists' heavy daily workload, obtaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Wentao Pan , Jiangpeng Yan , Hanbo Chen , Jiawei Yang , Zhe Xu , Xiu Li , Jianhua Yao