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High-level synthesis (HLS) is a design flow that leverages modern language features and flexibility, such as complex data structures, inheritance, templates, etc., to prototype hardware designs rapidly. However, exploring various design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Md Rubel Ahmed , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Kieran Parsons , Ye Wang

In last two years, large language models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in code generation, including hardware design at register-transfer level (RTL). While their use in high-level synthesis (HLS) remains comparatively less mature,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 M Zafir Sadik Khan , Kimia Azar , Hadi Kamali

High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools offer rapid hardware design from C code, but their compatibility is limited by code constructs. This paper investigates Large Language Models (LLMs) for refactoring C code into HLS-compatible formats. We…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Luca Collini , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

We present the Temporal Logic Synthesis Format (TLSF), a high-level format to describe synthesis problems via Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The format builds upon standard LTL, but additionally allows to use high-level constructs, such as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Swen Jacobs , Felix Klein , Sebastian Schirmer

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) provide an opportunity to co-design applications with hardware accelerators, yet they remain difficult to program. High-level synthesis (HLS) tools promise to raise the level of abstraction by…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Rachit Nigam , Sachille Atapattu , Samuel Thomas , Zhijing Li , Theodore Bauer , Yuwei Ye , Apurva Koti , Adrian Sampson , Zhiru Zhang

The ever-growing popularity of large language models (LLMs) has resulted in their increasing adoption for hardware design and verification. Prior research has attempted to assess the capability of LLMs to automate digital hardware design by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Sneha Swaroopa , Rijoy Mukherjee , Anushka Debnath , Rajat Subhra Chakraborty

In the era of diminishing returns from Moores Law, heterogeneous computing systems have emerged as a vital approach to enhance computational efficiency. This paper introduces a novel MLIR-based dialect, named hyper, designed to optimize…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhiyuan Tan , Liutong Han , Mingjie Xing , Yanjun Wu

In this paper, we consider the HLS implementation of a three-dimensional systolic array architecture for matrix multiplication that targets specific characteristics of Intel Stratix 10 FPGAs in order to produce designs that achieve a high…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Paolo Gorlani , Christian Plessl

In recent years, domain-specific accelerators (DSAs) have gained popularity for applications such as deep learning and autonomous driving. To facilitate DSA designs, programmers use high-level synthesis (HLS) to compile a high-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zongyue Qin , Yunsheng Bai , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Zijian Ding , Ziniu Hu , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) compiles C/C++ into RTL, but exploring pragma-driven optimization choices remains expensive because each design point requires time-consuming synthesis. We propose \textbf{\DiffHLS}, a differential learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zedong Peng , Zeju Li , Qiang Xu , Jieru Zhao

High-level synthesis (HLS) has freed the computer architects from developing their designs in a very low-level language and needing to exactly specify how the data should be transferred in register-level. With the help of HLS, the hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Yunsheng Bai , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

High-Level Synthesis allows hardware designers to create complex RTL designs using C/C++. The traditional HLS workflow involves iterations of C/C++ simulation for partial functional verification and HLS synthesis for coarse timing…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Rishov Sarkar , Cong Hao

We present the Temporal Logic Synthesis Format (TLSF), a high-level format to describe synthesis problems via Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The format builds upon standard LTL, but additionally allows to use high level constructs, such as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-01-21 Swen Jacobs , Felix Klein

System programming languages are typically compiled in a linear pipeline process, which is a completely opaque and isolated to end-users. This limits the possibilities of performing meta-programming in the same language and environment, and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Ronie Salgado

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) has transformed the development of complex Hardware IPs (HWIP) by offering abstraction and configurability through languages like SystemC/C++, particularly for Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) accelerators in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Mukta Debnath , Animesh Basak Chowdhury , Debasri Saha , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Verifiers play a crucial role in large language model (LLM) reasoning, needed by post-training techniques such as reinforcement learning. However, reliable verifiers are hard to get for difficult coding problems, because a well-disguised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhongmou He , Yee Man Choi , Kexun Zhang , Jiabao Ji , Junting Zhou , Dejia Xu , Ivan Bercovich , Aidan Zhang , Lei Li

Recent advances in code generation have illuminated the potential of employing large language models (LLMs) for general-purpose programming languages such as Python and C++, opening new opportunities for automating software development and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jiahao Gai , Hao Mark Chen , Zhican Wang , Hongyu Zhou , Wanru Zhao , Nicholas Lane , Hongxiang Fan

The growing proliferation of FPGAs and High-level Synthesis (HLS) tools has led to a large interest in designing hardware accelerators for complex operations and algorithms. However, existing HLS toolflows typically require a significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Benjamin Biggs , Ian McInerney , Eric C. Kerrigan , George A. Constantinides

We present an empirical study of how far general-purpose coding agents -- without hardware-specific training -- can optimize hardware designs from high-level algorithmic specifications. We introduce an agent factory, a two-stage pipeline…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Abhishek Bhandwaldar , Mihir Choudhury , Ruchir Puri , Akash Srivastava

The use of FPGAs for efficient graph processing has attracted significant interest. Recent memory subsystem upgrades including the introduction of HBM in FPGAs promise to further alleviate memory bottlenecks. However, modern multi-channel…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Xinyu Chen , Yao Chen , Feng Cheng , Hongshi Tan , Bingsheng He , Weng-Fai Wong