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Explainable AI (XAI) refers to techniques that provide human-understandable insights into the workings of AI models. Recently, the focus of XAI is being extended toward explaining Large Language Models (LLMs). This extension calls for a…

The field of Explainable AI (XAI) offers a wide range of techniques for making complex models interpretable. Yet, in practice, generating meaningful explanations is a context-dependent task that requires intentional design choices to ensure…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Ruchira Dhar , Stephanie Brandl , Ninell Oldenburg , Anders Søgaard

More recently, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) research has shifted to focus on a more pragmatic or naturalistic account of understanding, that is, whether the stakeholders understand the explanation. This point is especially…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Janet Hui-wen Hsiao , Hilary Hei Ting Ngai , Luyu Qiu , Yi Yang , Caleb Chen Cao

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly support decision-making across critical domains, yet current explainable AI (XAI) approaches prioritize algorithmic transparency over human comprehension. While XAI methods reveal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Christian Meske , Justin Brenne , Erdi Uenal , Sabahat Oelcer , Ayseguel Doganguen

According to the latest trend of artificial intelligence, AI-systems needs to clarify regarding general,specific decisions,services provided by it. Only consumer is satisfied, with explanation , for example, why any classification result is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rossi Kamal

This paper compares two distinct approaches to modeling robotic behavior: imperative Behavior Trees (BTs) and declarative Executable Ontologies (EO), implemented through the boldsea framework. BTs structure behavior hierarchically using…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Alexander Boldachev

This paper presents an explainable AI (XAI) system that provides explanations for its predictions. The system consists of two key components -- namely, the prediction And-Or graph (AOG) model for recognizing and localizing concepts of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Arjun R Akula , Sinisa Todorovic , Joyce Y Chai , Song-Chun Zhu

The growing application of artificial intelligence in sensitive domains has intensified the demand for systems that are not only accurate but also explainable and trustworthy. Although explainable AI (XAI) methods have proliferated, many do…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Marilyn Bello , Rafael Bello , Maria-Matilde García , Ann Nowé , Iván Sevillano-García , Francisco Herrera

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to make machine learning models transparent and trustworthy, yet most current approaches communicate explanations visually or through text. This paper introduces an information theoretic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mona Rajhans , Vishal Khawarey

Behavior Trees constitute a widespread AI tool which has been successfully spun out in robotics. Their advantages include simplicity, modularity, and reusability of code. However, Behavior Trees remain a high-level decision making engine;…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Pilar de la Cruz , Justus Piater , Matteo Saveriano

Artificial intelligence methods are being increasingly applied across various domains, but their often opaque nature has raised concerns about accountability and trust. In response, the field of explainable AI (XAI) has emerged to address…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ryan Zhou , Jaume Bacardit , Alexander Brownlee , Stefano Cagnoni , Martin Fyvie , Giovanni Iacca , John McCall , Niki van Stein , David Walker , Ting Hu

An explainable AI (XAI) model aims to provide transparency (in the form of justification, explanation, etc) for its predictions or actions made by it. Recently, there has been a lot of focus on building XAI models, especially to provide…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Arjun Akula , Song-Chun Zhu

Machine learning (ML) is becoming increasingly popular in meteorological decision-making. Although the literature on explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is growing steadily, user-centered XAI studies have not extend to this domain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Soyeon Kim , Junho Choi , Yeji Choi , Subeen Lee , Artyom Stitsyuk , Minkyoung Park , Seongyeop Jeong , Youhyun Baek , Jaesik Choi

Artificial intelligence-driven adaptive learning systems are reshaping education through data-driven adaptation of learning experiences. Yet many of these systems lack transparency, offering limited insight into how decisions are made. Most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Maryam Mosleh , Marie Devlin , Ellis Solaiman

As the field of explainable AI (XAI) is maturing, calls for interactive explanations for (the outputs of) AI models are growing, but the state-of-the-art predominantly focuses on static explanations. In this paper, we focus instead on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Antonio Rago , Hengzhi Li , Francesca Toni

Conversational AI (ConvAI) agents increasingly maintain structured memory to support long-term, task-oriented interactions. In-context memory approaches append the growing history to the model input, which scales poorly under context-window…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yifan Simon Liu , Ruifan Wu , Liam Gallagher , Jiazhou Liang , Armin Toroghi , Scott Sanner

Human collaborators can effectively communicate with their partners to finish a common task by inferring each other's mental states (e.g., goals, beliefs, and desires). Such mind-aware communication minimizes the discrepancy among…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Xiaofeng Gao , Ran Gong , Yizhou Zhao , Shu Wang , Tianmin Shu , Song-Chun Zhu

Artificial Intelligence is becoming part of any technology we use nowadays. If the AI informs people's decisions, the explanation about AI's outcomes, results, and behavior becomes a necessary capability. However, the discussion of XAI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Juliana Jansen Ferreira , Mateus Monteiro

State of the art Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have reached an impressive complexity. Consequently, researchers are discovering more and more methods to use them in real-world applications. However, the complexity of such systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Marco Matarese , Francesco Rea , Alessandra Sciutti

Smart home systems are gaining popularity as homeowners strive to enhance their living and working environments while minimizing energy consumption. However, the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled decision-making models in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Md Shajalal , Alexander Boden , Gunnar Stevens , Delong Du , Dean-Robin Kern