Related papers: Optimal Patient Allocation in Multi-Arm Clinical T…

While randomized trials may be the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment intervention, in some special circumstances, single-arm clinical trials utilizing external control may be considered. The causal treatment…

A sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) facilitates comparison of multiple adaptive treatment strategies (ATSs) simultaneously. Previous studies have established a framework to test the homogeneity of multiple ATSs by a…

This paper studies a two-stage model of experimentation, where the researcher first samples representative units from an eligible pool, then assigns each sampled unit to treatment or control. To implement balanced sampling and assignment,…

Adaptive designs for multi-armed clinical trials have become increasingly popular recently in many areas of medical research because of their potential to shorten development times and to increase patient response. However, developing…

An important task in early phase drug development is to identify patients, which respond better or worse to an experimental treatment. While a variety of different subgroup identification methods have been developed for the situation of…

Robot arm placements are oftentimes a limitation in surgical preoperative procedures, relying on trained staff to evaluate and decide on the optimal positions for the arms. Given new and different patient anatomies, it can be challenging to…

As pressure on the healthcare system increases, patients that require elective surgery experience longer access times to pre- and post-operative appointments and surgery. Hospitals can control their waiting lists by allocating timeslots to…

Parallel processing is a principle which enables simultaneous implementation of anesthesia induction and operating room (OR) turnover with the aim of improving OR utilization. In this article, we study the problem of scheduling surgeries…

An early phase clinical trial is the first step in evaluating the effects in humans of a potential new anti-disease agent or combination of agents. Usually called "phase I" or "phase I/II" trials, these experiments typically have the…

The sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) is the ideal study design for the evaluation of multistage treatment regimes, which comprise sequential decision rules that recommend treatments for a patient at each of a series…

Optimizing the allocation of units into treatment groups can help researchers improve the precision of causal estimators and decrease costs when running factorial experiments. However, existing optimal allocation results typically assume a…

We study exploration in stochastic multi-armed bandits when we have access to a divisible resource that can be allocated in varying amounts to arm pulls. We focus in particular on the allocation of distributed computing resources, where we…

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) often involve multiple longitudinal primary outcomes to comprehensively assess treatment efficacy. The Longitudinal Rank-Sum Test (LRST), a robust U-statistics-based, non-parametric, rank-based method,…

Randomized experiments play a major role in data-driven decision making across many different fields and disciplines. In medicine, for example, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the backbone of clinical trial methodology for testing…

We consider applying multi-armed bandits to model-assisted designs for dose-finding clinical trials. Multi-armed bandits are very simple and powerful methods to determine actions to maximize a reward in a limited number of trials. Among the…

Platform trials gained popularity during the last few years as they increase flexibility compared to multi-arm trials by allowing new experimental arms entering when the trial already started. Using a shared control group in platform trials…

The era of big data is coming, and evidence-based medicine is attracting increasing attention to improve decision making in medical practice via integrating evidence from well designed and conducted clinical research. Meta-analysis is a…

One of the main goals of sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trials (SMART) is to find the most efficacious design embedded dynamic treatment regimes. The analysis method known as multiple comparisons with the best (MCB) allows…

This paper presents the foundations of a computer oriented approach for preparing a list of random treatment assignments to be adopted in randomised controlled trials. Software is presented which can be applied in the earliest stage of…

There are multiple cluster randomised trial designs that vary in when the clusters cross between control and intervention states, when observations are made within clusters, and how many observations are made at that time point. Identifying…