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Speech emotion recognition (SER) is the task of recognising human's emotional states from speech. SER is extremely prevalent in helping dialogue systems to truly understand our emotions and become a trustworthy human conversational partner.…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Zhao Ren , Thanh Tam Nguyen , Yi Chang , Björn W. Schuller

Recent studies have shown that the benefits provided by self-supervised pre-training and self-training (pseudo-labeling) are complementary. Semi-supervised fine-tuning strategies under the pre-training framework, however, remain…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Bowen Zhang , Songjun Cao , Xiaoming Zhang , Yike Zhang , Long Ma , Takahiro Shinozaki

Expressive text-to-speech (TTS) aims to synthesize different speaking style speech according to human's demands. Nowadays, there are two common ways to control speaking styles: (1) Pre-defining a group of speaking style and using…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Dongchao Yang , Songxiang Liu , Rongjie Huang , Chao Weng , Helen Meng

Cross-speaker emotion intensity control aims to generate emotional speech of a target speaker with desired emotion intensities using only their neutral speech. A recently proposed method, emotion arithmetic, achieves emotion intensity…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Masato Murata , Koichi Miyazaki , Tomoki Koriyama

The lack of labeled data is a common challenge in speech classification tasks, particularly those requiring extensive subjective assessment, such as cognitive state classification. In this work, we propose a Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Yuanchao Li , Zixing Zhang , Jing Han , Peter Bell , Catherine Lai

In spoken conversations, spontaneous behaviors like filled pause and prolongations always happen. Conversational partner tends to align features of their speech with their interlocutor which is known as entrainment. To produce human-like…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-22 Jian Cong , Shan Yang , Na Hu , Guangzhi Li , Lei Xie , Dan Su

Speech emotion recognition (SER) systems find applications in various fields such as healthcare, education, and security and defense. A major drawback of these systems is their lack of generalization across different conditions. This…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-15 Srinivas Parthasarathy , Carlos Busso

When recognizing emotions from speech, we encounter two common problems: how to optimally capture emotion-relevant information from the speech signal and how to best quantify or categorize the noisy subjective emotion labels.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-04 Sofoklis Kakouros , Themos Stafylakis , Ladislav Mosner , Lukas Burget

Sequential sensor data is generated in a wide variety of practical applications. A fundamental challenge involves learning effective classifiers for such sequential data. While deep learning has led to impressive performance gains in recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Nauman Ahad , Mark A. Davenport

We present a methodology to train our multi-speaker emotional text-to-speech synthesizer that can express speech for 10 speakers' 7 different emotions. All silences from audio samples are removed prior to learning. This results in fast…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Sungjae Cho , Soo-Young Lee

In the recent trend of semi-supervised speech recognition, both self-supervised representation learning and pseudo-labeling have shown promising results. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to combine their ideas for end-to-end…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-11 Shaoshi Ling , Chen Shen , Meng Cai , Zejun Ma

It remains a challenge to effectively control the emotion rendering in text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. Prior studies have primarily focused on learning a global prosodic representation at the utterance level, which strongly correlates with…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Sho Inoue , Kun Zhou , Shuai Wang , Haizhou Li

Human emotion is expressed in many communication modalities and media formats and so their computational study is equally diversified into natural language processing, audio signal analysis, computer vision, etc. Similarly, the large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Sven Buechel , Udo Hahn

Predicting how events induce emotions in the characters of a story is typically seen as a standard multi-label classification task, which usually treats labels as anonymous classes to predict. They ignore information that may be conveyed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Radhika Gaonkar , Heeyoung Kwon , Mohaddeseh Bastan , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Nathanael Chambers

Realistic emotional voice conversion (EVC) aims to enhance emotional diversity of converted audios, making the synthesized voices more authentic and natural. To this end, we propose Emotional Intensity-aware Network (EINet), dynamically…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-23 Tianhua Qi , Shiyan Wang , Cheng Lu , Yan Zhao , Yuan Zong , Wenming Zheng

Supervisory signals have the potential to make low-dimensional data representations, like those learned by mixture and topic models, more interpretable and useful. We propose a framework for training latent variable models that explicitly…

This paper proposes an end-to-end emotional speech synthesis (ESS) method which adopts global style tokens (GSTs) for semi-supervised training. This model is built based on the GST-Tacotron framework. The style tokens are defined to present…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-27 Peng-fei Wu , Zhen-hua Ling , Li-juan Liu , Yuan Jiang , Hong-chuan Wu , Li-rong Dai

Semi-supervised learning leverages unlabeled data to enhance model performance, addressing the limitations of fully supervised approaches. Among its strategies, pseudo-supervision has proven highly effective, typically relying on one or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Negin Ghamsarian , Sahar Nasirihaghighi , Klaus Schoeffmann , Raphael Sznitman

Existing fine-grained intensity regulation methods rely on explicit control through predicted emotion probabilities. However, these high-level semantic probabilities are often inaccurate and unsmooth at the phoneme level, leading to bias in…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Yuhao Cui , Xiongwei Wang , Zhongzhou Zhao , Wei Zhou , Haiqing Chen

Emotion is a core paralinguistic feature in voice interaction. It is widely believed that emotion understanding models learn fundamental representations that transfer to synthesized speech, making emotion understanding results a plausible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yuan Ge , Haishu Zhao , Aokai Hao , Junxiang Zhang , Bei Li , Xiaoqian Liu , Chenglong Wang , Jianjin Wang , Bingsen Zhou , Bingyu Liu , Jingbo Zhu , Zhengtao Yu , Tong Xiao