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Machine learning with artificial neural networks (ANNs), provides solutions for the growing complexity of modern communication systems. This complexity, however, increases power consumption, making the systems energy-intensive. Spiking…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Eike-Manuel Edelmann

Inspired by the operation of biological brains, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have the unique ability to detect information encoded in spatio-temporal patterns of spiking signals. Examples of data types requiring spatio-temporal processing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone

The field of machine learning has been greatly transformed with the advancement of deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the increased availability of annotated data. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as a low-power…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Marc Baltes , Nidal Abujahar , Ye Yue , Charles D. Smith , Jundong Liu

The energy-efficient and brain-like information processing abilities of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted considerable attention, establishing them as a crucial element of brain-inspired computing. One prevalent challenge…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Zhichao Zhu , Yang Qi , Wenlian Lu , Zhigang Wang , Lu Cao , Jianfeng Feng

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are well known as the brain-inspired models with high computing efficiency, due to a key component that they utilize spikes as information units, close to the biological neural systems. Although spiking based…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Qi Xu , Yaxin Li , Jiangrong Shen , Jian K Liu , Huajin Tang , Gang Pan

Compared with artificial neural networks (ANNs), spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising to explore the brain-like behaviors since the spikes could encode more spatio-temporal information. Although pre-training from ANN or direct…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Yujie Wu , Lei Deng , Guoqi Li , Jun Zhu , Luping Shi

Recently, brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in solving pattern recognition tasks. However, these SNNs are grounded on homogeneous neurons that utilize a uniform neural coding for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Xinyi Chen , Qu Yang , Jibin Wu , Haizhou Li , Kay Chen Tan

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent the latest generation of neural computation, offering a brain-inspired alternative to conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Unlike ANNs, which depend on continuous-valued signals, SNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sales G. Aribe

The spiking neural network (SNN) computes and communicates information through discrete binary events. It is considered more biologically plausible and more energy-efficient than artificial neural networks (ANN) in emerging neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Yang Li , Yi Zeng , Dongcheng Zhao

There has been an increasing interest in spiking neural networks in recent years. SNNs are seen as hypothetical solutions for the bottlenecks of ANNs in pattern recognition, such as energy efficiency. But current methods such as ANN-to-SNN…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-06 El-Assal Mireille , Tirilly Pierre , Bilasco Ioan Marius

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are the third generation of neural networks that are biologically inspired to process data in a fashion that emulates the exchange of signals in the brain. Within the Computer Vision community SNNs have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 William Bjorndahl , Jack Easton , Austin Modoff , Eric C. Larson , Joseph Camp , Prasanna Rangarajan

Drawing on the intricate structures of the brain, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) emerge as a transformative development in artificial intelligence, closely emulating the complex dynamics of biological neural networks. While SNNs show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Yanchen Li , Jiachun Li , Kebin Sun , Luziwei Leng , Ran Cheng

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired, event-driven models suited for temporal data processing and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing. In SNNs, richer neuronal dynamic allows capturing more complex temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Sanja Karilanova , Subhrakanti Dey , Ayça Özçelikkale

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), particularly the single-spike variant in which neurons spike at most once, are considerably more energy efficient than standard artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, single-spike SSNs are difficult to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Luke Taylor , Andrew King , Nicol Harper

Emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised enormous attention towards artificial neural networks (ANNs) once again. They have become the state-of-the-art models and have won different machine learning challenges. Although these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani

Multimodal spiking neural networks (SNNs) hold significant potential for energy-efficient sensory processing but face critical challenges in modality imbalance and temporal misalignment. Current approaches suffer from uncoordinated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jiangrong Shen , Yulin Xie , Qi Xu , Gang Pan , Huajin Tang , Badong Chen

Spiking neural networks (SNN) as time-dependent hypotheses consisting of spiking nodes (neurons) and directed edges (synapses) are believed to offer unique solutions to reward prediction tasks and the related feedback that are classified as…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-10-17 Doo Seok Jeong

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are investigated as biologically inspired models of neural computation, distinguished by their computational capability and energy efficiency due to precise spiking times and sparse spikes with event-driven…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Mingqing Xiao , Yixin Zhu , Di He , Zhouchen Lin

Over the past decade, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have made tremendous advances, in part due to the increased availability of annotated data. However, ANNs typically require significant power and memory consumptions to reach their…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Ye Yue , Marc Baltes , Nidal Abujahar , Tao Sun , Charles D. Smith , Trevor Bihl , Jundong Liu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a promising direction in both computational neuroscience and artificial intelligence, offering advantages such as strong biological plausibility and low energy consumption on neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Luu Trong Nhan , Luu Trung Duong , Pham Ngoc Nam , Truong Cong Thang