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Survival outcomes are common in comparative effectiveness studies and require unique handling because they are usually incompletely observed due to right-censoring. A ``once for all'' approach for causal inference with survival outcomes…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-21 Shuxi Zeng , Fan Li , Liangyuan Hu , Fan Li

The advent and subsequent widespread availability of preventive vaccines has altered the course of public health over the past century. Despite this success, effective vaccines to prevent many high-burden diseases, including HIV, have been…

Influence diagnosis is important since presence of influential observations could lead to distorted analysis and misleading interpretations. For high-dimensional data, it is particularly so, as the increased dimensionality and complexity…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-27 Junlong Zhao , Chenlei Leng , Lexin Li , Hansheng Wang

Beyond conditional average treatment effects, treatments may impact the entire outcome distribution in covariate-dependent ways, for example, by altering the variance or tail risks for specific subpopulations. We propose a novel estimand to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-18 Saksham Jain , Alex Luedtke

This paper presents methods for meta-analysis of $2 \times 2$ tables, both with and without allowing heterogeneity in the treatment effects. Meta-analysis is common in medical research, but most existing methods are unsuited for $2 \times…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-23 Céline Cunen , Nils Lid Hjort

The analysis of screening experiments is often done in two stages, starting with factor selection via an analysis under a main effects model. The success of this first stage is influenced by three components: (1) main effect estimators'…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-19 Jonathan W. Stallrich , Michael McKibben

This paper considers the estimation of treatment effects in randomized experiments with complex experimental designs, including cases with interference between units. We develop a design-based estimation theory for arbitrary experimental…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-27 Haoge Chang

This article studies the benefits of using spatially randomized experimental designs which partition the experimental area into distinct, non-overlapping units with treatments assigned randomly. Such designs offer improved policy evaluation…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Ying Yang , Chengchun Shi , Fang Yao , Shouyang Wang , Hongtu Zhu

Given the urgent informational needs connected with the diffusion of infection with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic, in this paper, we propose a sampling design for building a continuous-time surveillance system. Compared with other…

Area-specific causal inference is important in many policy and survey applications, where the goal is to evaluate treatment effects for small geographic or demographic domains. Existing causal small area estimation methods, however,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Tsubasa Ito , Shonosuke Sugasawa

When a novel treatment has successfully passed phase I, different options to design subsequent phase II trials are available. One approach is a single-arm trial, comparing the response rate in the intervention group against a fixed…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-03 Johannes Krisam , Dorothea Weber , Richard F. Schlenk , Meinhard Kieser

An important challenge in statistical analysis concerns the control of the finite sample bias of estimators. For example, the maximum likelihood estimator has a bias that can result in a significant inferential loss. This problem is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-04 Stéphane Guerrier , Mucyo Karemera , Samuel Orso , Maria-Pia Victoria-Feser

As a reaction to the pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a multitude of clinical trials for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 or the resulting corona disease (COVID-19) are globally at various stages from…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-04 Jan Beyersmann , Tim Friede , Claudia Schmoor

In this work, we consider causal inference in various high-dimensional treatment settings, including for single multi-valued treatments and vector treatments with binary or continuous components, when the number of treatments can be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Patrick Kramer , Edward H. Kennedy , Isaac M. Opper

We study the problem of selecting covariates for unbiased estimation of the total causal effect.Existing approaches typically rely on global causal structure learning over all variables, or on strong assumptions such as causal sufficiency -…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-22 Zeyu Liu , Zheng Li , Feng Xie , Yan Zeng , Hao Zhang , Kun Zhang

A two-stage adaptive optimal design is an attractive option for increasing the efficiency of clinical trials. In these designs, based on interim data, the locally optimal dose is chosen for further exploration, which induces dependencies…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-24 Zhantao Lin , Nancy Flournoy , William F. Rosenberger

This study demonstrates the existence of a testable condition for the identification of the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome in observational data, which relies on two sets of variables: observed covariates to be controlled for…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-20 Martin Huber , Jannis Kueck

We consider estimation and inference in a linear model with endogenous regressors where the parameters of interest change across two samples. If the first-stage is common, we show how to use this information to obtain more efficient…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-06-26 Bertille Antoine , Otilia Boldea , Niccolo Zaccaria

When fitting statistical models, some predictors are often found to be correlated with each other, and functioning together. Many group variable selection methods are developed to select the groups of predictors that are closely related to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-25 Zhiyuan Li

Because of the high cost of commercial genotyping chip technologies, many investigations have used a two-stage design for genome-wide association studies, using part of the sample for an initial discovery of ``promising'' SNPs at a less…