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Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger quantum system. These extra degrees of freedom enable the detection and correction of errors, but also increase the operational complexity of the…

A critical milestone for quantum computers is to demonstrate fault-tolerant computation that outperforms computation on physical qubits. The tesseract subsystem color code protects four logical qubits in 16 physical qubits, to distance…

A major challenge in practical quantum computation is the ineludible errors caused by the interaction of quantum systems with their environment. Fault-tolerant schemes, in which logical qubits are encoded by several physical qubits, enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-17 Kai Sun , Jin-Shi Xu , Xiao-Ye Xu , Yong-Jian Han , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

In this paper, we explore the relationship between the width of a qubit lattice constrained in one dimension and physical thresholds for scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation. To circumvent the traditionally low thresholds of small…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-15 Alexis T. E. Shaw , Michael J. Bremner , Alexandru Paler , Daniel Herr , Simon J. Devitt

Stabilization of encoded logical qubits using quantum error correction is key to the realization of reliable quantum computers. While qubit codes require many physical systems to be controlled, oscillator codes offer the possibility to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-20 Brennan de Neeve , Thanh Long Nguyen , Tanja Behrle , Jonathan Home

We present a new type of a quantum error correction code, termed Majorana-XYZ code, where the logical quantum information scales macroscopically yet is protected by topologically non-trivial degrees of freedom. It is a $[n,k,g,d]$ subsystem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Tobias Busse , Lauri Toikka

When the environmental disturbace to a quantum system has a wavelength much larger than the system size, all qubits localized within a small area are under action of the same error operators. Noiseless subsystem and decoherence free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Chi-Kwong Li , Mikio Nakahara , Yiu-Tung Poon , Nung-Sing Sze , Hiroyuki Tomita

We consider the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ toric code, surface code and Floquet code defined on a non-orientable surface, which can be considered as families of codes extending Shor's 9-qubit code. We investigate the fault-tolerant logical gates of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Ryohei Kobayashi , Guanyu Zhu

The strongly correlated systems we use to realise quantum error-correcting codes may give rise to high-weight, problematic errors. Encouragingly, we can expect local quantum error-correcting codes with no string-like logical operators $-$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 Georgia M. Nixon , Benjamin J. Brown

We use the quasienergy structure that emerges when a fluxonium superconducting circuit is driven periodically to encode quantum information with dynamically induced flux-insensitive sweet spots. The framework of Floquet theory provides an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-25 Pranav S. Mundada , András Gyenis , Ziwen Huang , Jens Koch , Andrew A. Houck

Quantum computers will eventually reach a size at which quantum error correction becomes imperative. Quantum information can be protected from qubit imperfections and flawed control operations by encoding a single logical qubit in multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-15 N. M. Linke , M. Gutierrez , K. A. Landsman , C. Figgatt , S. Debnath , K. R. Brown , C. Monroe

The surface code is a powerful quantum error correcting code that can be defined on a 2-D square lattice of qubits with only nearest neighbor interactions. Syndrome and data qubits form a checkerboard pattern. Information about errors is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-24 Austin G. Fowler , David S. Wang , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Floquet codes are an intriguing generalisation of stabiliser and subsystem codes, which can provide good fault-tolerant characteristics while benefiting from reduced connectivity requirements in hardware. A recent question of interest has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Campbell McLauchlan , György P. Gehér , Alexandra E. Moylett

Fracton order is a new kind of quantum order characterized by topological excitations that exhibit remarkable mobility restrictions and a robust ground state degeneracy (GSD) which can increase exponentially with system size. In this paper,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-04-05 Kevin Slagle , Yong Baek Kim

We utilize the symmetry groups of regular tessellations on two-dimensional surfaces of different constant curvatures, including spheres, Euclidean planes and hyperbolic planes, to encode a qubit or qudit into the physical degrees of freedom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Yixu Wang , Yijia Xu , Zi-Wen Liu

The recently introduced Floquet codes have already inspired several follow up works in terms of theory and simulation. Here we report the first preliminary results on their experimental implementation, using IBM Quantum hardware.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 James R. Wootton

Quantum error correction is expected to be essential in large-scale quantum technologies. However, the substantial overhead of qubits it requires is thought to greatly limit its utility in smaller, near-term devices. Here we introduce a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-20 David Layden , Mo Chen , Paola Cappellaro

We formulate code concatenation as the action of a unitary quantum circuit on an expanding tree geometry and find that for certain classes of gates, applied identically at each node, a binary tree circuit encodes a single logical qubit with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Grace M. Sommers , David A. Huse , Michael J. Gullans

The stable operation of quantum computers will rely on error-correction, in which single quantum bits of information are stored redundantly in the Hilbert space of a larger system. Such encoded qubits are commonly based on arrays of many…

Topological stabilizer codes with different spatial dimensions have complementary properties. Here I show that the spatial dimension can be switched using gauge fixing. Combining 2D and 3D gauge color codes in a 3D qubit lattice,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-13 H. Bombin