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This article provides a detailed derivation of the path integral formalism for both boson and fermion quantum open systems using coherent states. The formalism on the imaginary-time axis, Keldysh contour, and Kadanoff contour are given. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Ruofan Chen

In the present article we consider some general class of divergent diagrams in Keldysh diagram technique. These divergences arise for nonequilibrium matter and closely related to the divergences in the kinetic theory of gases. We suggest a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-10-04 D. V. Prokhorenko

We develop analytical and numerical methods for the matrix thermofield in the large $N$ limit. Through the double collective representation on the Schwinger-Keldysh contour, it provides thermodynamical properties and finite temperature…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-02 Antal Jevicki , Xianlong Liu , Junjie Zheng

Recently, a method was presented for constructing self-energies within many-body perturbation theory that are guaranteed to produce a positive spectral function for equilibrium systems, by representing the self-energy as a product of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-14 Markku J. Hyrkäs , Daniel Karlsson , Robert van Leeuwen

In the celebrated Unruh effect, we learn that a uniformly accelerating detector in a Minkowski vacuum spacetime registers a constant temperature. Building on prior work, we present a technique based on derivative couplings of the two-point…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-19 Aditya Dhumuntarao , José Tomás Gálvez Ghersi , Niayesh Afshordi

Theoretical analysis typically involves imaginary-time correlation functions. Inferring real-time dynamical response functions from this information is notoriously difficult. However, as we articulate here, it is straightforward to compute…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-06-02 S. Lederer , D. Jost , T. Böhm , R. Hackl , E. Berg , S. Kivelson

Reliable and robust convergence to the electronic ground state within density functional theory (DFT) Kohn-Sham (KS) calculations remains a thorny issue in many systems of interest. In such cases, charge sloshing can delay or completely…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-04-07 Cedric Flamant , Grigory Kolesov , Efstratios Manousakis , Efthimios Kaxiras

This study expands the spontaneous collapse assumptions into the relativistic quantum field theory framework for Dirac fields. By solving Lindblad's master equation using the Keldysh formalism, the effective action is derived, which…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-18 Y. M. P. Gomes

Thermofield dynamics has proven to be a very useful theory in high-energy physics, particularly since it permits the treatment of both time- and temperature-dependence on an equal footing. We here show that it also has an excellent…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-05-14 Gaurav Harsha , Thomas M. Henderson , Gustavo E. Scuseria

Motivated by cosmological Hartle-Hawking and microcanonical density matrix prescriptions for the quantum state of the Universe we develop Schwinger-Keldysh in-in formalism for generic nonequilibrium dynamical systems with the initial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-08 Andrei O. Barvinsky , Nikita Kolganov

We consider specific quantum mechanical model problems for which perturbation theory fails to explain physical properties like the eigenvalue spectrum even qualitatively, even if the asymptotic perturbation series is augmented by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-10 Jean Zinn-Justin , Ulrich D. Jentschura

The framework of Keldysh path integral concisely describes quantum systems driven away from thermal equilibrium, such as the two-photon driven Kerr oscillator. Within the thermodynamic limit of diverging photon occupation, we map it to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Théo Sépulcre

We develop a perturbation theory of quantum (and classical) master equations with slowly varying parameters, applicable to systems which are externally controlled on a time scale much longer than their characteristic relaxation time. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-09 Vasco Cavina , Andrea Mari , Vittorio Giovannetti

The notion of operator growth in quantum systems furnishes a bridge between transport and the generation of entanglement between different parts of the system under quantum dynamics. We define a measure of operator growth in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Priesh Roy , Sumilan Banerjee

Recovering properties of correlation functions is typically challenging. On one hand, experimentally, it requires measurements with a temporal resolution finer than the system's dynamics. On the other hand, analytical or numerical analysis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Wojciech Górecki , Simone Felicetti , Lorenzo Maccone , Roberto Di Candia

This text reviews, hopefully in a pedagogical manner, a series of work on the automatic calculations of Feynman diagrams in the context of quantum nanoelectronics (Keldysh formalism) with an application to the Kondo effect in the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-04 Xavier Waintal

Nonequilibrium quantum mechanics can be solved with the Keldysh formalism, which evolves the quantum mechanical states forward in time in the presence of a time-dependent field, and then evolves them backward in time, undoing the effect of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2007-05-23 J. K. Freericks , V. Turkowski , V. Zlatic

The imaginary part of the one loop effective action in external backgrounds can be efficiently computed using worldline instantons which are closed periodic paths in spacetime. Exact solutions for nonstatic backgrounds are only known in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-22 Abram Akal

We present a theory for the Kondo spin-1/2 effect in strongly correlated quantum dots. The theory is applicable at any temperature and voltage. It is based on a quadratic Keldysh effective action parameterized by a universal function. We…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-03-14 Sergey Smirnov , Milena Grifoni

The Schwinger model, which describes lattice quantum electrodynamics in $1+1$ space-time dimensions, provides a valuable framework to investigate fundamental aspects of quantum field theory, and a stepping stone towards non-Abelian gauge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Angus Kan , Jessica Lemieux , Olga Okrut , Burak Şahinoğlu