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We investigate the possibility to assist the numerically ill-posed calculation of spectral properties of interacting quantum systems in thermal equilibrium by extending the imaginary-time simulation to a finite Schwinger-Keldysh contour.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-02-25 Andreas Dirks , Martin Eckstein , Thomas Pruschke , Philipp Werner

We discuss the formal relationship between the real-time Keldysh and imaginary-time theory for nonequilibrium in quantum dot systems. The latter can be reformulated using the recently proposed Matsubara voltage approach. We establish…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-03-28 Jong E. Han , Andreas Dirks , Thomas Pruschke

We put forward a functional renormalisation group approach for the direct computation of real time correlation functions, also applicable at finite temperature and density. We construct a general class of regulators that preserve the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-07-07 Jan M. Pawlowski , Nils Strodthoff

We construct a lattice field theory method for computing the real-time dynamics of spin systems in a thermal bath. This is done by building on previous work of Takano with Schwinger-Keldysh and functional differentiation techniques. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Neill C. Warrington

We provide a holographic prescription to compute real-time thermal correlators with arbitrary operator ordering. In field theory, these correlation functions are captured by a multi-fold Schwinger-Keldysh time contour. We propose a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-07 Martin Ammon , Jette Germerodt , Christoph Sieling , Julio Virrueta

We employ the functional renormalization group approach formulated on the Schwinger-Keldysh contour to calculate real-time correlation functions in scalar field theories. We provide a detailed description of the formalism, discuss suitable…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-11-18 Sven Huelsmann , Soeren Schlichting , Philipp Scior

Monte Carlo studies involving real time dynamics are severely restricted by the sign problem that emerges from highly oscillatory phase of the path integral. In this letter, we present a new method to compute real time quantities on the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2016-08-24 Andrei Alexandru , Gokce Basar , Paulo F. Bedaque , Sohan Vartak , Neill C. Warrington

Both the Wavefunction of the Universe and the Schwinger-Keldysh in-in formalism are central tools for analyzing primordial cosmological observables, such as equal-time correlation functions. While their conceptual equivalence is well…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-21 Gonzalo A. Palma

We develop a prescription for computing real-time correlation functions defined on a Schwinger-Keldysh contour for non-equilibrium systems using gravity. The prescription involves a new analytic continuation procedure in a black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-12-21 Paolo Glorioso , Michael Crossley , Hong Liu

The problem of calculating real-time correlation functions is formulated in terms of an imaginary-time partial differential equation. The latter is solved analytically for the perturbed harmonic oscillator and compared with the known exact…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. E. Kornilovitch

Computing dynamical properties of strongly interacting quantum many-body systems poses a major challenge to theoretical approaches. Usually, one has to resort to numerical analytic continuation of results on imaginary frequencies, which is…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2026-02-12 Christian H. Johansen , Bernhard Frank , Johannes Lang

We generalize the recently developed diagrammatic Monte Carlo techniques for quantum impurity models from an imaginary time to a Keldysh formalism suitable for real-time and nonequilibrium calculations. Both weak-coupling and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Philipp Werner , Takashi Oka , Andrew J. Millis

Solving the time-dependent quantum many-body Schr\"odinger equation is a challenging task, especially for states at a finite temperature, where the environment affects the dynamics. Most existing approximating methods are designed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Jannes Nys , Zakari Denis , Giuseppe Carleo

Tensor network states have enjoyed great success at capturing aspects of strong correlation physics. However, obtaining dynamical correlators at non-zero temperatures is generically hard even using these methods. Here, we introduce a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-14 Zhenjiu Wang , Paul McClarty , Dobromila Dankova , Andreas Honecker , Alexander Wietek

Conceptually, the Matsubara formalism (MF), using imaginary frequencies, and the Keldysh formalism (KF), formulated in real frequencies, give equivalent results for systems in thermal equilibrium. The MF has less complexity and is thus more…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-27 Anxiang Ge , Johannes Halbinger , Seung-Sup B. Lee , Jan von Delft , Fabian B. Kugler

We initiate the study of open quantum field theories using holographic methods. Specifically, we consider a quantum field theory (the system) coupled to a holographic field theory at finite temperature (the environment). We investigate the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-26 Chandan Jana , R. Loganayagam , Mukund Rangamani

The computation of real-time properties, such as transport coefficients or bound state spectra of strongly interacting quantum fields in thermal equilibrium is a pressing matter. Since the sign problem prevents a direct evaluation of these…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-04-18 Jan M. Pawlowski , Alexander Rothkopf

The Larkin-Migdal approach to a cold superfluid Fermi liquid is generalized for a non-equilibrium system. The Schwinger-Keldysh diagram technique is applied. The developed formalism is applicable to the pairing in the states with arbitrary…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-17 E. E. Kolomeitsev , D. N. Voskresensky

We extend the imaginary-time formulation of the equilibrium quantum many-body theory to steady-state nonequilibrium with an application to strongly correlated transport. By introducing Matsubara voltage, we keep the finite chemical…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-13 J. E. Han , R. J. Heary

We study the real time dynamics of the Bose Hubbard model in the presence of time-dependent hopping allowing for a finite temperature initial state. We use the Schwinger-Keldysh technique to find the real-time strong coupling action for the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2011-09-16 Malcolm P. Kennett , Denis Dalidovich
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