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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a promising framework for solving inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) by integrating observational data and physical constraints in a unified optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yongsheng Chen , Yong Chen , Wei Guo , Xinghui Zhong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have demonstrated promise as a framework for solving forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations. Despite recent progress in the field, it remains challenging to quantify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Bruno Jacob , Ashish S. Nair , Amanda A. Howard , Jan Drgona , Panos Stinis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) commonly address ill-posed inverse problems by uncovering unknown physics. This study presents a novel unsupervised learning framework that identifies spatial subdomains with specific governing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Arturo Rodriguez , Ashesh Chattopadhyay , Piyush Kumar , Luis F. Rodriguez , Vinod Kumar

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been very successfully applied for efficiently approximating inverse problems for PDEs. We focus on a particular class of inverse problems, the so-called data assimilation or unique…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Siddhartha Mishra , Roberto Molinaro

We develop a distributed framework for the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) based on two recent extensions, namely conservative PINNs (cPINNs) and extended PINNs (XPINNs), which employ domain decomposition in space and in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Khemraj Shukla , Ameya D. Jagtap , George Em Karniadakis

Singularly perturbed problems are known to have solutions with steep boundary layers that are hard to resolve numerically. Traditional numerical methods, such as Finite Difference Methods (FDMs), require a refined mesh to obtain stable and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Jiajing Guan , Howard Elman

In solving partial differential equations (PDEs), machine learning utilizing physical laws has received considerable attention owing to advantages such as mesh-free solutions, unsupervised learning, and feasibility for solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Tetsuro Tsuchino , Motoki Shiga

Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been shown to be effective in solving partial differential equations by capturing the physics induced constraints as a part of the training loss function. This paper shows that a PINN can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Chandrajit Bajaj , Luke McLennan , Timothy Andeen , Avik Roy

This work compares the advantages and limitations of the Finite Difference Method with Physics-Informed Neural Networks, showing where each can best be applied for different problem scenarios. Analysis on the L2 relative error based on…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-02-06 Batyr Sharimbayev , Shirali Kadyrov , Aleksei Kavokin

A significant advancement in Neural Network (NN) research is the integration of domain-specific knowledge through custom loss functions. This approach addresses a crucial challenge: how can models utilize physics or mathematical principles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Seyedeh Azadeh Fallah Mortezanejad , Ruochen Wang , Ali Mohammad-Djafari

Neural networks are universal approximators and are studied for their use in solving differential equations. However, a major criticism is the lack of error bounds for obtained solutions. This paper proposes a technique to rigorously…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Shuheng Liu , Xiyue Huang , Pavlos Protopapas

Deep learning-based numerical schemes such as Physically Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as an alternative to classical numerical schemes for solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). They are very appealing at…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-11 A. Beguinet , V. Ehrlacher , R. Flenghi , M. Fuente , O. Mula , A. Somacal

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as an effective technique for solving PDEs in a wide range of domains. It is noticed, however, the performance of PINNs can vary dramatically with different sampling procedures. For…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Zhiwei Gao , Liang Yan , Tao Zhou

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) are nowadays used as efficient machine learning methods for solving differential equations. However, vanilla-PINNs fail to learn complex problems as ones involving stiff ordinary differential…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Hubert Baty

We propose a new semi-analytic physics informed neural network (PINN) to solve singularly perturbed boundary value problems. The PINN is a scientific machine learning framework that offers a promising perspective for finding numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-22 Gung-Min Gie , Youngjoon Hong , Chang-Yeol Jung

The rise of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) has popularized the concept of solving differential equations via residual minimization. However, neural networks are often viewed as ``black boxes" requiring significant computational…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Ayman Mourad , Fatima Mroue

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising mesh-free paradigm for solving partial differential equations, yet adoption in science and engineering is limited by slow training and modest accuracy relative to modern…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Jian Cheng Wong , Chin Chun Ooi , Chang Wei , Yuchen Fan , Yew-Soon Ong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted significant attention for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in recent years because they alleviate the curse of dimensionality that appears in traditional methods. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yihang Gao , Ka Chun Cheung , Michael K. Ng

In this paper, we compute numerical approximations of the minimal surfaces, an essential type of Partial Differential Equation (PDE), in higher dimensions. Classical methods cannot handle it in this case because of the Curse of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Steven Zhou , Xiaojing Ye

We present a new technique for the accelerated training of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs): discretely-trained PINNs (DT-PINNs). The repeated computation of partial derivative terms in the PINN loss functions via automatic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Ramansh Sharma , Varun Shankar