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Binary code clone analysis is an important technique which has a wide range of applications in software engineering (e.g., plagiarism detection, bug detection). The main challenge of the topic lies in the semantics-equivalent code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Yikun Hu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Juanru Li , Hui Wang , Bodong Li , Dawu Gu

Retrieving binary code via natural language queries is a pivotal capability for downstream tasks in the software security domain, such as vulnerability detection and malware analysis. However, it is challenging to identify binary functions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Guoqiang Chen , Lingyun Ying , Ziyang Song , Daguang Liu , Qiang Wang , Zhiqi Wang , Li Hu , Shaoyin Cheng , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Binary code similarity comparison is a methodology for identifying similar or identical code fragments in binary programs. It is indispensable in fields of software engineering and security, which has many important applications (e.g.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Yikun Hu , Hui Wang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Bodong Li , Dawu Gu

Binary similarity detection is a critical technique that has been applied in many real-world scenarios where source code is not available, e.g., bug search, malware analysis, and code plagiarism detection. Existing works are ineffective in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Zian Liu , Zhi Zhang , Siqi Ma , Dongxi Liu , Jun Zhang , Chao Chen , Shigang Liu , Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Yang Xiang

Binary Code Similarity Analysis (BCSA) has a wide spectrum of applications, including plagiarism detection, vulnerability discovery, and malware analysis, thus drawing significant attention from the security community. However, conventional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Fei Zuo , Cody Tompkins , Qiang Zeng , Lannan Luo , Yung Ryn Choe , Junghwan Rhee

The problem of cross-platform binary code similarity detection aims at detecting whether two binary functions coming from different platforms are similar or not. It has many security applications, including plagiarism detection, malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Xiaojun Xu , Chang Liu , Qian Feng , Heng Yin , Le Song , Dawn Song

Binary code similarity detection is a core task in reverse engineering. It supports malware analysis and vulnerability discovery by identifying semantically similar code in different contexts. Modern methods have progressed from manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Charles E. Gagnon , Steven H. H. Ding , Philippe Charland , Benjamin C. M. Fung

Binary code similarity analysis (BCSA) is a crucial research area in many fields such as cybersecurity. Specifically, function-level diffing tools are the most widely used in BCSA: they perform function matching one by one for evaluating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Zhijie Liu , Qiyi Tang , Sen Nie , Shi Wu , Liang Feng Zhang , Yutian Tang

When reverse engineering a binary, the analyst must first understand the semantics of the binary's functions through either manual or automatic analysis. Manual semantic analysis is time-consuming, because abstractions provided by high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Derrick McKee , Nathan Burow , Mathias Payer

Binary code search plays a crucial role in applications like software reuse detection. Currently, existing models are typically based on either internal code semantics or a combination of function call graphs (CG) and internal code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yongpan Wang , Hong Li , Xiaojie Zhu , Siyuan Li , Chaopeng Dong , Shouguo Yang , Kangyuan Qin

Binary function similarity detection plays an important role in a wide range of security applications. Existing works usually assume that the query function and target function share equal semantics and compare their full semantics to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Ang Jia , Ming Fan , Xi Xu , Wuxia Jin , Haijun Wang , Ting Liu

A wide range of binary analysis applications, such as bug discovery, malware analysis and code clone detection, require recovery of contextual meanings on a binary code. Recently, binary analysis techniques based on machine learning have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Hyungjoon Koo , Soyeon Park , Daejin Choi , Taesoo Kim

Tackling binary program analysis problems has traditionally implied manually defining rules and heuristics, a tedious and time-consuming task for human analysts. In order to improve automation and scalability, we propose an alternative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Shushan Arakelyan , Sima Arasteh , Christophe Hauser , Erik Kline , Aram Galstyan

The binary similarity problem consists in determining if two functions are similar by only considering their compiled form. Advanced techniques for binary similarity recently gained momentum as they can be applied in several fields, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Luca Massarelli , Giuseppe Antonio Di Luna , Fabio Petroni , Leonardo Querzoni , Roberto Baldoni

Binary analysis is a core component of many critical security tasks, including reverse engineering, malware analysis, and vulnerability detection. Manual analysis is often time-consuming, but identifying commonly-used or previously-seen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Rebecca Saul , Chang Liu , Noah Fleischmann , Richard Zak , Kristopher Micinski , Edward Raff , James Holt

Binary Function Similarity (BFS), the problem of determining whether two binary functions originate from the same source code, has been extensively studied in recent research across security, software engineering, and machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Gianluca Capozzi , Anna Paola Giancaspro , Fabio Petroni , Leonardo Querzoni , Giuseppe Antonio Di Luna

Code clone is a serious problem in software and has the potential to software defects, maintenance overhead, and licensing violations. Therefore, clone detection is important for reducing maintenance effort and improving code quality during…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Min Fu , Gang Luo , Xi Zheng , Tianyi Zhang , Dongjin Yu , Miryung Kim

The identification of vulnerabilities is an important element in the software development life cycle to ensure the security of software. While vulnerability identification based on the source code is a well studied field, the identification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Andreas Schaad , Dominik Binder

Enforcing open source licenses such as the GNU General Public License (GPL), analyzing a binary for possible vulnerabilities, and code maintenance are all situations where it is useful to be able to determine the source code provenance of a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-03 Dhaval Miyani , Zhen Huang , David Lie

Binary code analysis has immense importance in the research domain of software security. Today, software is very often compiled for various Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs). As a result, cross-architecture binary code analysis has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Iftakhar Ahmad , Lannan Luo
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