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This paper argues the need for research to realize uncertainty-aware artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI\&ML) systems for decision support by describing a number of motivating scenarios. Furthermore, the paper defines…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Lance Kaplan , Federico Cerutti , Murat Sensoy , Alun Preece , Paul Sullivan

Security attacks are hard to understand, often expressed with unfriendly and limited details, making it difficult for security experts and for security analysts to create intelligible security specifications. For instance, to explain Why…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Muhammad Sabir Idrees , Yves Roudier , Ludovic Apvrille

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly being integrated into embedded and IoT systems that surround us, and they are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. The deployment of these ML algorithms on resource-limited embedded platforms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Christian Westbrook , Sudeep Pasricha

As AI agents move from demos into enterprise deployments, their failure modes become consequential: a misinterpreted tool argument can corrupt production data, a silent reasoning error can go undetected until damage is done, and outputs…

Although machine learning is widely used in practice, little is known about practitioners' understanding of potential security challenges. In this work, we close this substantial gap and contribute a qualitative study focusing on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Lukas Bieringer , Kathrin Grosse , Michael Backes , Battista Biggio , Katharina Krombholz

Incorporating Machine Learning (ML) into existing systems is a demand that has grown among several organizations. However, the development of ML-enabled systems encompasses several social and technical challenges, which must be addressed by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Gabriel Busquim , Allysson Allex Araújo , Maria Julia Lima , Marcos Kalinowski

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques have been increasingly used in several fields to improve performance and the level of automation. In recent years, this use has exponentially increased due to the advancement…

AI-enabled Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) systems increasingly employ autonomous agents for cyber defense, yet their resilience to adaptive adversaries is underexplored. We introduce an autonomous red teaming…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ayan Javeed Shaikh , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Ankit Shah

Recent years have seen a proliferation of research on adversarial machine learning. Numerous papers demonstrate powerful algorithmic attacks against a wide variety of machine learning (ML) models, and numerous other papers propose defenses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Giovanni Apruzzese , Hyrum S. Anderson , Savino Dambra , David Freeman , Fabio Pierazzi , Kevin A. Roundy

The merits of machine learning in information security have primarily focused on bolstering defenses. However, machine learning (ML) techniques are not reserved for organizations with deep pockets and massive data repositories; the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Will Pearce , Nick Landers , Nancy Fulda

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being ubiquitously adopted to automate processes in science and industry. However, due to its often intricate and opaque nature, AI has been shown to possess inherent vulnerabilities which can be maliciously…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mathew J. Walter , Aaron Barrett , Kimberly Tam

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly become key components in various AI applications, understanding their security vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of defense mechanisms is crucial. This survey examines the security challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Frank Weizhen Liu , Chenhui Hu

Agentic AI systems -- Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with planning, tool use, memory, and long-horizon interactions -- can execute complex tasks autonomously, but their multi-step trajectories introduce new failure modes that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinhu Qi , Muzhi Li , Jiahong Liu , Yuqin Shu , Dianzhi Yu , Shicheng Ma , Wenqian Cui , Yiyang Zhao , Yiyi Chen , Ruoxi Jiang , Irwin King , Zenglin Xu

Machine Learning (ML) models are known to be vulnerable to adversarial inputs and researchers have demonstrated that even production systems, such as self-driving cars and ML-as-a-service offerings, are susceptible. These systems represent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Marissa Dotter , Sherry Xie , Keith Manville , Josh Harguess , Colin Busho , Mikel Rodriguez

As the practicality of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) based techniques grow, there is an ever increasing threat of adversarial attacks. There is a need to red team this ecosystem to identify system vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Chuyen Nguyen , Caleb Morgan , Sudip Mittal

Agentic AI systems automate enterprise workflows but existing defenses--guardrails, semantic filters--are probabilistic and routinely bypassed. We introduce authenticated workflows, the first complete trust layer for enterprise agentic AI.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohan Rajagopalan , Vinay Rao

As generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), become increasingly integrated into production applications, new attack surfaces and vulnerabilities emerge and put a focus on adversarial threats in natural language and…

Securing Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems requires addressing the complex cyber risks introduced by autonomous, decision-making, and adaptive behaviors. Agentic AI systems are increasingly deployed across industries,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Sunil Arora , John Hastings

We have seen a surge in research aims toward adversarial attacks and defenses in AI/ML systems. While it is crucial to formulate new attack methods and devise novel defense strategies for robustness, it is also imperative to recognize who…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Kishor Datta Gupta , Dipankar Dasgupta

Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) have emerged as promising methodologies for addressing challenges in automated cyber defence (ACD). These techniques offer adaptive decision-making capabilities in…