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The notion that any physical quantity is defined and measured relative to a reference frame is traditionally not explicitly reflected in the theoretical description of physical experiments where, instead, the relevant observables are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-25 Takayuki Miyadera , Leon Loveridge , Paul Busch

In a background independent theory without boundary, physical observables may be defined with respect to dynamical reference systems. However, I argue here that there may be a symmetry that exchanges the degrees of freedom of the physical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-14 Lee Smolin

We show that networks of quantum frames of reference, in which one frame may be used to produce multiple other frames that in their turn prepare systems which may interact with one another, have counterintuitive properties that make…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Daniel Collins , Carolina Moreira Ferrera , Ismael L. Paiva , Sandu Popescu

The developments of special relativity and quantum mechanics marked the beginning of the modern physics age. The former has taught us that while space and time are frame dependent notions, there is a quantity -- the space-time interval --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Matheus Fritsch Savi , Renato Moreira Angelo

In the literature on quantum reference frames, the internal (relative) properties of a system are defined as those which are preserved under an arbitrary change of reference frame. For a system of quantum spins, these are all properties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-10 Jacques Pienaar

Precise rules are developed in order to formalize the reasoning processes involved in standard non-relativistic quantum mechanics, with the help of analogies from classical physics. A classical or quantum description of a mechanical system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert B. Griffiths

Quantum fluctuations impose fundamental limits on measurement and space-time probing. Although using optimised probe fields can allow to push sensitivity in a position measurement beyond the "standard quantum limit", quantum fluctuations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-28 Marc-Thierry Jaekel , Serge Reynaud

We argue that correct account of the quantum properties of macroscopic objects which form reference frames (RF) demand the change of the standard space-time picture accepted in Quantum Mechanics. The presence of RF free quantum motion in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 S. Mayburov

One of the most important goals in quantum thermodynamics is to demonstrate advantages of thermodynamic protocols over their classical counterparts. For that, it is necessary to (i) develop theoretical tools and experimental set-ups to deal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Elisa Bäumer , Matteo Lostaglio , Martí Perarnau-Llobet , Rui Sampaio

We establish a fluctuation-correlation theorem by relating the quantum fluctuations in the generator of the parameter change to the time integral of the quantum correlation function between the projection operator and force operator of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Arun K. Pati

We construct a quantum reference frame, which can be used to approximately implement arbitrary unitary transformations on a system in the presence of any number of extensive conserved quantities, by absorbing any back action provided by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-30 Sandu Popescu , Ana Belén Sainz , Anthony J. Short , Andreas Winter

We shall show that the abstract and formal rules which govern the quantum kinematic and dynamics can be derived from a law of change of the information content or the degree of uncertainty that the system has a certain configuration in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-07 Agung Budiyono

We consider a model in which the quantum fluctuation can be controlled and show that the system responds to a spatially periodic external field at zero temperature. This signifies the occurrence of spatial stochastic resonance where the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Parongama Sen

We present a theory of "quantum references", similar to lenses in classical functional programming, that allow to point to a subsystem of a larger quantum system, and to mutate/measure that part. Mutable classical variables, quantum…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Dominique Unruh

We discuss the concept of transformations among reference frames (classical or quantum). Usually transformations among classical reference frames have sharply defined parameters; geometrically they can be considered as {pure states in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Gaetano Fiore , Fedele Lizzi

Time in relativity theory has a status different from that adopted by standard quantum mechanics, where time is considered as a parameter measured with reference to an external absolute Newtonian frame. This status strongly restricts its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 M. Basil Altaie

In this paper, we consider the long time asymptotics of multi-time correlation functions for quantum dynamical systems that are sufficiently random to relax to a ``reference state''. In particular, the evolution of such systems must have a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Andries , F. Benatti , M. De Cock , M. Fannes

This article suggests that thinking about the role of reference frames can provide new insight into Extended Wigner's Friend scenarios. This involves appealing to symmetries to make a principled distinction between properties of a system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Emily Adlam

Quantum reference frames are needed in quantum theory for much the same reasons that reference frames are in classical theories: to manifest invariance in line with fundamental relativity principles and to provide a basis for the definition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Titouan Carette , Jan Głowacki , Leon Loveridge

Different relativistic quantum mechanics approaches have recently been used to calculate properties of various systems, form factors in particular. It is known that predictions, which most often rely on a single-particle current…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Bertrand Desplanques , Yu Bing Dong