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Quantum Chemistry (QC) is one of the most promising applications of Quantum Computing. However, present quantum processing units (QPUs) are still subject to large errors. Therefore, noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Mohammad Haidar , Marko J. Rančić , Thomas Ayral , Yvon Maday , Jean-Philip Piquemal

Many current quantum error-correcting codes that achieve full fault tolerance suffer from having low ratios of logical to physical qubits and significant overhead. This makes them difficult to implement on current noisy intermediate-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Christopher Gerhard , Todd A. Brun

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a leading approach for near-term quantum computing but face major optimization challenges from noise, barren plateaus, and complex energy landscapes. We benchmarked more than fifty metaheuristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Vojtěch Novák , Ivan Zelinka , Václav Snášel

In the lead up to fault tolerance, the utility of quantum computing will be determined by how adequately the effects of noise can be circumvented in quantum algorithms. Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the variational quantum…

Quantum computers have the potential to deliver speed-ups for solving certain important problems that are intractable for classical counterparts, making them a promising avenue for advancing modern computation. However, many quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Kang-Min Hu , Min Namkung , Hyang-Tag Lim

The emerging field of quantum simulation of many-body systems is widely recognized as a very important application of quantum computing. A crucial step towards its realization in the context of many-electron systems requires a rigorous…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-08-23 Sumeet , V. S. Prasannaa , B. P. Das , B. K. Sahoo

Quantum Computing is believed to be the ultimate solution for quantum chemistry problems. Before the advent of large-scale, fully fault-tolerant quantum computers, the variational quantum eigensolver~(VQE) is a promising heuristic quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Chu Guo , Yi Fan , Zhiqian Xu , Honghui Shang

Quantum mechanics has introduced a new theoretical framework for the study of molecules, enabling the prediction of properties and dynamics through the solution of the Schr\"odinger equation applied to these systems. However, solving this…

Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithms suffer from barren plateaus, where gradients vanish with system size and circuit depth. Although many mitigation strategies exist, their connection to convergence performance under different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Mostafa Atallah , Nouhaila Innan , Muhammad Kashif , Muhammad Shafique

Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) provides a lucrative platform to determine molecular energetics in near-term quantum devices. While the VQE is traditionally tailored to determine the ground state wavefunction with the underlying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Dibyendu Mondal , Rahul Maitra

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, emerging classical-quantum hybrid optimization algorithms, such as variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), can leverage the unique characteristics of quantum devices to accelerate computations…

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are iterative algorithms suited to implementation on current-era quantum devices. VQAs employ classical optimization to minimize cost functions evaluated on quantum circuits. However, the extent to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Bikrant Bhattacharyya , Gokul Ravi

The cascaded variational quantum eigensolver (CVQE) circumvents the need for iterative communication between the quantum and classical processing units that is necessary in the conventional VQE algorithm. While CVQE offers complete freedom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Yi-Hua Lai , John P. T. Stenger , Gloria Bazargan , Igor V. Schweigert , Daniel Gunlycke

Quantum chemistry has been identified as one of the most promising areas where quantum computing can have a tremendous impact. For current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, one of the best available methods to prepare…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 Marco Majland , Patrick Ettenhuber , Nikolaj Thomas Zinner

Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) is a cornerstone algorithm for fault-tolerant quantum computation, especially for electronic structure calculations of chemical systems. To accommodate the diverse characteristics of quantum chemical systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Calvin Ku , Yu-Cheng Chen , Alice Hu , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a Variational Quantum Algorithm (VQA) to determine the ground state of quantum-mechanical systems. As a VQA, it makes use of a classical computer to optimize parameter values for its quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Felix Truger , Johanna Barzen , Frank Leymann , Julian Obst

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for computing ground state energies of molecular systems. We implement VQE to calculate the potential energy surface of the hydrogen molecule (H$_2$) across…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Rylan Malarchick , Ashton Steed

Materials simulations involving strongly correlated electrons pose fundamental challenges to state-of-the-art electronic structure methods but are hypothesized to be the ideal use case for quantum computing. To date, no quantum computer has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-25 Jacob M. Clary , Eric B. Jones , Derek Vigil-Fowler , Christopher Chang , Peter Graf

The ADAPT-VQE algorithm is a promising method for generating a compact ansatz based on derivatives of the underlying cost function, and it yields accurate predictions of electronic energies for molecules. In this work we report the…

Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) stands as a pivotal quantum computing subroutine that necessitates an inverse Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT). However, it is imperative to recognize that enhancing the precision of the estimation inevitably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Chen-Yu Liu , Chu-Hsuan Abraham Lin , Kuan-Cheng Chen
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