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It has always been difficult to balance the accuracy and performance of ISSs. RTL simulators or systems such as gem5 are used to execute programs in a cycle-accurate manner but are often prohibitively slow. In contrast, functional…
Graphics processing units (GPUs) are now considered the leading hardware to accelerate general-purpose workloads such as AI, data analytics, and HPC. Over the last decade, researchers have focused on demystifying and evaluating the…
The evolution of quantization and mixed-precision techniques has unlocked new possibilities for enhancing the speed and energy efficiency of NNs. Several recent studies indicate that adapting precision levels across different parameters can…
Speculative attacks are still an active threat today that, even if initially focused on the x86 platform, reach across all modern hardware architectures. RISC-V is a newly proposed open instruction set architecture that has seen traction…
Recent research has revealed an ever-growing class of microarchitectural attacks that exploit speculative execution, a standard feature in modern processors. Proposed and deployed countermeasures involve a variety of compiler updates,…
While microprocessors are used in various applications, they are precluded from the use in high-energy physics applications due to the harsh radiation present. To overcome this limitation a microprocessor design must withstand high doses of…
Lockstep processing is a recognized technique for helping to secure functional-safety relevant processing against, for instance, single upset errors that might cause faulty execution of code. Lockstepping processors does however bind…
RISC-V provides a flexible and scalable platform for applications ranging from embedded devices to high-performance computing clusters. Particularly, its RISC-V Vector Extension (RVV) becomes of interest for the acceleration of AI…
The rise of hardware accelerators with custom instructions necessitates custom compiler backends supporting these accelerators. This study provides detailed analyses of LLVM and its RISC-V backend, supplemented with case studies providing…
The customizability of RISC-V makes it an attractive choice for accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs). It can be achieved through instruction set extensions and corresponding custom functional units. Yet, efficiently exploiting these…
The last few years have seen the emergence of IoT processors: ultra-low power systems-on-chips (SoCs) combining lightweight and flexible micro-controller units (MCUs), often based on open-ISA RISC-V cores, with application-specific…
In the field of cryptography till date the 2-byte in 1-clock is the best known RC4 hardware design [1], while 1-byte in 1-clock [2], and the 1-byte in 3 clocks [3][4] are the best known implementation. The design algorithm in[2] considers…
In-order scalar RISC architectures have been the dominant paradigm in FPGA soft processor design for twenty years. Prior out-of-order superscalar implementations have not exhibited competitive area or absolute performance. This paper…
The ACL2 model of the x86 Instruction Set Architecture was built for the 64-bit mode of operation of the processor. This paper reports on our work to extend the model with support for 32-bit mode, recounting the salient aspects of this…
The open-source RISC-V ISA is gaining traction, both in industry and academia. The ISA is designed to scale from micro-controllers to server-class processors. Furthermore, openness promotes the availability of various open-source and…
RISC-Vs growing traction leads to the release of new RISC-V cores on a near monthly basis. In this growing and diverse ecosystem, understanding the performance and other properties of a RISC-V core is of great importance since selecting the…
RISC-V is an open and royalty free instruction set architecture which has been developed at the University of California, Berkeley. The processors using RISC-V can be designed and released freely. Because of this, various processor cores…
Compared to the first generation of deep neural networks, dominated by regular, compute-intensive kernels such as matrix multiplications (MatMuls) and convolutions, modern decoder-based transformers interleave attention, normalization, and…
Quantum computers promise to solve certain problems that are intractable for classical computers, such as factoring large numbers and simulating quantum systems. To date, research in quantum computer engineering has focused primarily at…
In recent years, the decoding algorithms in communication networks are becoming increasingly complex aiming to achieve high reliability in correctly decoding received messages. These decoding algorithms involve computationally complex…