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Changing environmental conditions can significantly affect the dynamics of disease spread. These changes may arise naturally or result from human interventions; in the latter case, lockdown measures that lead to abrupt but temporary…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-29 Elad Korngut , Michael Assaf

We consider a standard \textit{susceptible-infected-susceptible} (SIS) model to study behaviors of steady states of epidemic spreading in small-world networks. Using analytical methods and large scale simulations, we recover the usual…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-11 Xin-Jian Xu , Zhi-Xi Wu , Yong Chen , Ying-Hai Wang

We study the effect of external infection sources on phase transitions in epidemic processes. In particular, we consider an epidemic spreading on a network via the SIS/SIR dynamics, which in addition is aided by external agents - sources…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-12-05 Siddhartha Banerjee , Avhishek Chatterjee , Sanjay Shakkottai

Most epidemic models assume equal mixing among members of a population. An alternative approach is to model a population as random network in which individuals may have heterogeneous connectivity. This paper builds on previous research by…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Erik Volz

In this paper, we propose and analyze a reaction-diffusion susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) epidemic patch model. The individuals are assumed to reside in different patches, where they are able to move inside and among the patches.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-18 Shanshan Chen , Yixiang Wu

Epidemic modelling on complex networks has been studied intensively all the time. The majority of relative research assumes that the time scale of the underlying network evolution is much larger compared to the propagation dynamics on it,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-14 Minyu Feng , Yuhan Li , Jürgen Kurths

The contact process, or SIS epidemic, is a continuous-time Markov process used to model the spread of infection on a graph. Each vertex is either healthy or infected, and each infected vertex independently infects each of its healthy…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Shirshendu Chatterjee , David Sivakoff , Matthew Wascher

Epidemic propagation on complex networks has been widely investigated, mostly with invariant parameters. However, the process of epidemic propagation is not always constant. Epidemics can be affected by various perturbations, and may bounce…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-09-13 Dan Lu , Shunkun Yang , Jiaquan Zhang , Huijuan Wang , Daqing Li

We study the standard SIS model of epidemic spreading on networks where individuals have a fluctuating number of connections around a preferred degree $\kappa $. Using very simple rules for forming such preferred degree networks, we find…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-12-05 Shivakumar Jolad , Wenjia Liu , B. Schmittmann , R. K. P. Zia

When an epidemic spreads in a population, individuals may adaptively change the structure of their social contact network to reduce risk of infection. Here we study the spread of an epidemic on an adaptive network with community structure.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-12-14 Ilker Tunc , Leah B. Shaw

Epidemics have shaped human history, often with devastating consequences, motivating the development of mathematical models to understand and control their dynamics. Among the many aspects of epidemic behavior, the conditions that lead to…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-01 Germano Hartmann Brill , Pablo Enrique Jurado Silvestrin , Sebastian Gonçalves

In the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model of disease spreading, the time to extinction of the epidemics happens at an intermediate value of the per-contact transmission probability. Too contagious infections burn out fast in the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-03-05 Petter Holme

Herein we provide a closed form perturbative solution to a general $M$-node network SIS model using the transport rates between nodes as a perturbation parameter. We separate the dynamics into a short-time regime and a medium/long-time…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-08-22 Lloyd P. Sanders , Bo Söderberg , Dirk Brockmann , Tobias Ambjörnsson

Analytical studies of network epidemiology almost exclusively focus on the extreme situations where the time scales of network dynamics are well separated (longer or shorter) from that of epidemic propagation. In realistic scenarios,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-05-16 Chao-Ran Cai , Yuan-Yuan Nie , Petter Holme

Dynamics on networks is considered from the perspective of Markov stochastic processes. We partially describe the state of the system through network motifs and infer any missing data using the available information. This versatile approach…

Contagious processes, such as spread of infectious diseases, social behaviors, or computer viruses, affect biological, social, and technological systems. Epidemic models for large populations and finite populations on networks have been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-14 Renato Pagliara , Naomi E. Leonard

We consider the class of SIS epidemic models in which a large population of individuals chooses whether to adopt protection or to remain unprotected as the epidemic evolves. For a susceptible individual, adopting protection reduces the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-22 Abhisek Satapathi , Narendra Kumar Dhar , Ashish R. Hota , Vaibhav Srivastava

We study that the breakdown of epidemic depends on some parameters, that is expressed in epidemic reproduction ratio number. It is noted that when $R_0 $ exceeds 1, the stochastic model have two different results. But, eventually the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-19 Kurnia Susvitasari

Although we have made progress in understanding disease spread in complex systems with non-Poissonian activity patterns, current models still fail to capture the full range of recovery time distributions. In this paper, we propose an…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jiexi Tang , Yichao Yao , Meiling Xie , Minyu Feng

Disease spread in most biological populations requires the proximity of agents. In populations where the individuals have spatial mobility, the contact graph is generated by the "collision dynamics" of the agents, and thus the evolution of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-06-07 Z. Toroczkai , H. Guclu