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The number of blockchain users has tremendously grown in recent years. As an unintended consequence, e-crime transactions on blockchains has been on the rise. Consequently, public blockchains have become a hotbed of research for developing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Cuneyt G. Akcora , Sudhanva Purusotham , Yulia R. Gel , Mitchell Krawiec-Thayer , Murat Kantarcioglu

Blockchain technologies are gaining massive momentum in the last few years. Blockchains are distributed ledgers that enable parties who do not fully trust each other to maintain a set of global states. The parties agree on the existence,…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Rui Liu , Meihui Zhang , Gang Chen , Beng Chin Ooi , Ji Wang

Bitcoins have recently become an increasingly popular cryptocurrency through which users trade electronically and more anonymously than via traditional electronic transfers. Bitcoin's design keeps all transactions in a public ledger. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-02-06 Michael Fleder , Michael S. Kester , Sudeep Pillai

In blockchain-based anonymous cryptocurrencies, due to their tamper-resistance and transparency characteristics, transaction data are initially required to be anonymous, with the help of various cryptographic techniques, e.g., commitment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Takeshi Miyamae , Kanta Matsuura

The development of blockchain technology has significantly enhanced the security and transparency of personal information and transaction records. Concurrent with the advancement of blockchain technology and the emergence of the digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zeng Zhang , Xiaoqi Li

Modern cryptocurrencies exploit decentralised blockchains to record a public and unalterable history of transactions. Besides transactions, further information is stored for different, and often undisclosed, purposes, making the blockchains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Massimo Bartoletti , Andrea Bracciali , Stefano Lande , Livio Pompianu

Blockchains offer a useful abstraction: a trustworthy, decentralized log of totally ordered transactions. Traditional blockchains have problems with scalability and efficiency, preventing their use for many applications. These limitations…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Isaac Sheff , Xinwen Wang , Andrew C. Myers , Robbert van Renesse

With the popularity of Blockchain comes grave security-related concerns. Achieving privacy and traceability simultaneously remains an open question. Efforts have been made to address the issues, while they may subject to specific scenarios.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Yue Zhang , Jian Weng , Jiasi Weng , Ming Li , Weiqi Luo

Blockchain based cryptocurrencies are usually unmanaged, distributed, consensus-based systems in which no single entity has control. Managed cryptocurrencies can be implemented using private blockchains but are fundamentally different as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Peter Mell

Blockchain represents a technology for establishing a shared, immutable version of the truth between a network of participants that do not trust one another, and therefore has the potential to disrupt any financial or other industries that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-11-02 Marek Laskowski , Henry M. Kim

A Blockchain is a global shared infrastructure where cryptocurrency transactions among addresses are recorded, validated and made publicly available in a peer- to-peer network. To date the best known and important cryptocurrency is the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Andrea Pinna , Roberto Tonelli , Matteo Orrú , Michele Marchesi

Cryptocurrencies typically aim at preserving the privacy of their users. Different cryptocurrencies preserve privacy at various levels, some of them requiring users to rely on strategies to raise the privacy level to their needs. Among…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Jefferson E. Simoes , Eduardo Ferreira , Daniel S. Menasche , Carlos A. V. Campos

Blockchain offers a decentralized, immutable, transparent system of records. It offers a peer-to-peer network of nodes with no centralised governing entity making it unhackable and therefore, more secure than the traditional paper-based or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Harsh Jot Singh , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid

Cryptocurrencies, led by bitcoin launched in 2009, have obtained wide attention due to the emerging Blockchain in recent years. Anonymous cryptocurrencies are highly essential since users want to preserve their privacy when conducting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Lingyue Zhang , Huilin Li , Yannan Li , Yanqi Zhao , Yong Yu

Blockchain systems rely on decentralized ledgers and strong security guarantees. A key requirement is non-repudiation, which prevents denial of transaction authorship and supports integrity of recorded data. This work surveys digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Kaveri Banerjee , Sajal Saha

In the context of blockchain systems, the importance of decentralization is undermined by the lack of a widely accepted methodology to measure it. To address this gap, we set out a systematization effort targeting the decentralization…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Christina Ovezik , Dimitris Karakostas , Mary Milad , Aggelos Kiayias , Daniel W. Woods

Cryptocurrencies based on decentralized systems, especially blockchain, are gaining popularity more than ever. Freedom advocates hail blockchain technology as a breakthrough in digital privacy and internet anonymity. Unfortunately, after…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Amin Aghaee

Public blockchains provide a decentralized method for storing transaction data and have many applications in different sectors. In order for users to track transactions, a simple method is to let them keep a local copy of the entire public…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Lei Xu , Lin Chen , Zhimin Gao , Shouhuai Xu , Weidong Shi

Cryptocoins (i.e., Bitcoin, Ether, Litecoin) are tradable digital assets. Ownerships of cryptocoins are registered on distributed ledgers (i.e., blockchains). Secure encryption techniques guarantee the security of the transactions…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Pasquale De Rosa , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

Blockchain also known as a distributed ledger technology stores different transactions/operations in a chain of blocks in a distributed manner without needing a trusted third-party. Blockchain is proven to be immutable which helps for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Danda B. Rawat , Vijay Chaudhary , Ronald Doku