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In recent studies, it has been shown that Multilingual language models underperform their monolingual counterparts. It is also a well-known fact that training and maintaining monolingual models for each language is a costly and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Usama Khalid , Mirza Omer Beg , Muhammad Umair Arshad

The Arabic language is a morphologically rich language with relatively few resources and a less explored syntax compared to English. Given these limitations, Arabic Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks like Sentiment Analysis (SA), Named…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Wissam Antoun , Fady Baly , Hazem Hajj

Language models based on deep neural networks have facilitated great advances in natural language processing and understanding tasks in recent years. While models covering a large number of languages have been introduced, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Li-Hsin Chang , Sampo Pyysalo , Jenna Kanerva , Filip Ginter

There is a growing body of work in recent years to develop pre-trained language models (PLMs) for the Arabic language. This work concerns addressing two major problems in existing Arabic PLMs which constraint progress of the Arabic NLU and…

Pretraining Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) for downstream NLP tasks is a non-trival task. We pretrained 5 BERT models that differ in the size of their training sets, mixture of formal and informal Arabic, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Ahmed Abdelali , Sabit Hassan , Hamdy Mubarak , Kareem Darwish , Younes Samih

The goal of the paper is to predict answers to questions given a passage of Qur'an. The answers are always found in the passage, so the task of the model is to predict where an answer starts and where it ends. As the initial data set is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Khalid Alnajjar , Mika Hämäläinen

Although the prediction of dialects is an important language processing task, with a wide range of applications, existing work is largely limited to coarse-grained varieties. Inspired by geolocation research, we propose the novel task of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , Chiyu Zhang , AbdelRahim Elmadany , Lyle Ungar

Dialect and standard language identification are crucial tasks for many Arabic natural language processing applications. In this paper, we present our deep learning-based system, submitted to the second NADI shared task for country-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Abdellah El Mekki , Abdelkader El Mahdaouy , Kabil Essefar , Nabil El Mamoun , Ismail Berrada , Ahmed Khoumsi

We report our models for detecting age, language variety, and gender from social media data in the context of the Arabic author profiling and deception detection shared task (APDA). We build simple models based on pre-trained bidirectional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Chiyu Zhang , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

A reasonable amount of annotated data is required for fine-tuning pre-trained language models (PLM) on downstream tasks. However, obtaining labeled examples for different language varieties can be costly. In this paper, we investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Muhammad Khalifa , Hesham Hassan , Aly Fahmy

BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and ALBERT (A Lite BERT) are methods for pre-training language models which can later be fine-tuned for a variety of Natural Language Understanding tasks. These methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Diego de Vargas Feijo , Viviane Pereira Moreira

Pretrained contextualized text representation models learn an effective representation of a natural language to make it machine understandable. After the breakthrough of the attention mechanism, a new generation of pretrained models have…

Morphological tagging is challenging for morphologically rich languages due to the large target space and the need for more training data to minimize model sparsity. Dialectal variants of morphologically rich languages suffer more as they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Nasser Zalmout , Nizar Habash

Deep neural language models such as BERT have enabled substantial recent advances in many natural language processing tasks. Due to the effort and computational cost involved in their pre-training, language-specific models are typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Sampo Pyysalo , Jenna Kanerva , Antti Virtanen , Filip Ginter

In natural language processing, multilingual models like mBERT and XLM-RoBERTa promise broad coverage but often struggle with languages that share a script yet differ in orthographic norms and cultural context. This issue is especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Abdulhady Abas Abdullah , Amir H. Gandomi , Tarik A Rashid , Seyedali Mirjalili , Laith Abualigah , Milena Živković , Hadi Veisi

This survey offers a comprehensive overview of Large Language Models (LLMs) designed for Arabic language and its dialects. It covers key architectures, including encoder-only, decoder-only, and encoder-decoder models, along with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Malak Mashaabi , Shahad Al-Khalifa , Hend Al-Khalifa

The effectiveness of the BERT model on multiple linguistic tasks has been well documented. On the other hand, its potentials for narrow and specific domains such as Legal, have not been fully explored. In this paper, we examine how BERT can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Muhammad AL-Qurishi , Sarah AlQaseemi , Riad Soussi

For most languages of the world, language model pre-training operates in a data-constrained regime where models must repeat their training data many times, degrading generalization. Two remedies exist: aggressive hyperparameter tuning such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Paul Jeha , Anastasiia Sedova , Louis Béthune , Skyler Seto , Jes Frellsen , Pierre Ablin , Natalie Schluter

Multilingual pretrained language models (such as multilingual BERT) have achieved impressive results for cross-lingual transfer. However, due to the constant model capacity, multilingual pre-training usually lags behind the monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Xian-Ling Mao , Heyan Huang

Pre-trained language models (LMs) are currently integral to many natural language processing systems. Although multilingual LMs were also introduced to serve many languages, these have limitations such as being costly at inference time and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Muhammad Abdul-Mageed , AbdelRahim Elmadany , El Moatez Billah Nagoudi