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With the rise of Speech Large Language Models (SpeechLLMs), two dominant approaches have emerged for speech processing: discrete tokens and continuous features. Each approach has demonstrated strong capabilities in audio-related processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Dingdong Wang , Junan Li , Mingyu Cui , Dongchao Yang , Xueyuan Chen , Helen Meng

Autoregressive language models, pretrained using large text corpora to do well on next word prediction, have been successful at solving many downstream tasks, even with zero-shot usage. However, there is little theoretical understanding of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Nikunj Saunshi , Sadhika Malladi , Sanjeev Arora

In this study, we aim to explore efficient tuning methods for speech self-supervised learning. Recent studies show that self-supervised learning (SSL) can learn powerful representations for different speech tasks. However, fine-tuning…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-31 Zih-Ching Chen , Chin-Lun Fu , Chih-Ying Liu , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Speech evaluation measures a learners oral proficiency using automatic models. Corpora for training such models often pose sparsity challenges given that there often is limited scored data from teachers, in addition to the score…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Huayun Zhang , Jeremy H. M. Wong , Geyu Lin , Nancy F. Chen

End-to-end speech-to-text translation can provide a simpler and smaller system but is facing the challenge of data scarcity. Pre-training methods can leverage unlabeled data and have been shown to be effective on data-scarce settings. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-27 Anne Wu , Changhan Wang , Juan Pino , Jiatao Gu

Transformer-based self-supervised models are trained as feature extractors and have empowered many downstream speech tasks to achieve state-of-the-art performance. However, both the training and inference process of these models may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Jinchuan Tian , Rongzhi Gu , Helin Wang , Yuexian Zou

Although supervised deep learning has revolutionized speech and audio processing, it has necessitated the building of specialist models for individual tasks and application scenarios. It is likewise difficult to apply this to dialects and…

While supervised quality predictors for synthesized speech have demonstrated strong correlations with human ratings, their requirement for in-domain labeled training data hinders their generalization ability to new domains. Unsupervised…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-08 Erica Cooper , Takuma Okamoto , Yamato Ohtani , Tomoki Toda , Hisashi Kawai

This work describes our group's submission to the PROCESS Challenge 2024, with the goal of assessing cognitive decline through spontaneous speech, using three guided clinical tasks. This joint effort followed a holistic approach,…

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a popular technique for learning representations that are maximally correlated across multiple views in data. In this paper, we extend the CCA based framework for learning a multiview mixture model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Nils Holzenberger , Raman Arora

End-to-End automatic speech recognition (ASR) models aim to learn a generalised speech representation to perform recognition. In this domain there is little research to analyse internal representation dependencies and their relationship to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Anna Ollerenshaw , Md Asif Jalal , Thomas Hain

Speech enhancement (SE) models advance rapidly, yet it remains underexplored how degradation of input signals affects their internal representations. We introduce a probing process, aimed at modeling the behavior of internal representations…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Yair Amar , Amir Ivry , Israel Cohen

Speech tokenization serves as the foundation of speech language model (LM), enabling them to perform various tasks such as spoken language modeling, text-to-speech, speech-to-text, etc. Most speech tokenizers are trained independently of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Arnon Turetzky , Yossi Adi

Transformer-based speech language models (SLMs) have significantly improved neural speech recognition and understanding. While existing research has examined how well SLMs encode shallow acoustic and phonetic features, the extent to which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Linyang He , Qiaolin Wang , Xilin Jiang , Nima Mesgarani

Automatic classification of speech commands has revolutionized human computer interactions in robotic applications. However, employed recognition models usually follow the methodology of deep learning with complicated networks which are…

Recently proposed automatic pathological speech detection approaches rely on spectrogram input representations or wav2vec2 embeddings. These representations may contain pathology irrelevant uncorrelated information, such as changing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-27 Yacouba Kaloga , Shakeel A. Sheikh , Ina Kodrasi

Pretrained self-supervised speech models excel in speech tasks but do not reflect the hierarchy of human speech processing, as they encode rich semantics in middle layers and poor semantics in late layers. Recent work showed that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Omer Moussa , Mariya Toneva

This study addresses unsupervised subword modeling, i.e., learning acoustic feature representations that can distinguish between subword units of a language. We propose a two-stage learning framework that combines self-supervised learning…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-08 Siyuan Feng , Odette Scharenborg

Recent breakthroughs in deep learning often rely on representation learning and knowledge transfer. In recent years, unsupervised and self-supervised techniques for learning speech representation were developed to foster automatic speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Pierre Beckmann , Mikolaj Kegler , Milos Cernak

Unsupervised representation learning for speech processing has matured greatly in the last few years. Work in computer vision and natural language processing has paved the way, but speech data offers unique challenges. As a result, methods…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-04 Lasse Borgholt , Jakob Drachmann Havtorn , Joakim Edin , Lars Maaløe , Christian Igel