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We investigate the $1^{-+}$ hidden-charm and hidden-bottom tetraquark states within the framework of QCD sum rules. The mass spectra are computed by including condensates up to dimension eight in the operator product expansion. Our results…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-14 Bing-Dong Wan , Yan Zhang , Jun-Hao Zhang , Ming-Yang Yuan

In the present work, we investigate the scalar, axialvector and tensor doubly-charmed tetraquark molecular states without strange, with strange and with doubly-strange via the QCD sum rules, and try to make assignment of the $T^+_{cc}$ from…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-06-28 Qi Xin , Zhi-Gang Wang

Masses of the pseudoscalar $(J^{PC}=0^{-+})$ charmonium and bottomonium hybrids are determined using QCD Laplace sum-rules. The effects of the dimension-six gluon condensate are included in our analysis and result in a stable sum-rule…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-01-17 R. Berg , D. Harnett , R. T. Kleiv , T. G. Steele

Besides the ordinary hadrons, QCD allows the existence of states in which excitations of the gluonic field can play the role of valence particles, either alone in a glueball, or coupled to quarks in a hybrid. So, hybrid baryons, made of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-04 Lorenzo Cimino , Cintia T. Willemyns , Claude Semay

The gauge invariant two-point correlator for the gluon field strength tensor in analysed by means of the QCD sum rule method. To this end, we make use of a relation of this correlator to a two-point function for a quark-gluon hybrid in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 M. Eidemuller , H. G. Dosch , M. Jamin

Developing the calculation techniques to fivefold heavy hadrons, we perform the study of novel fully-heavy $QQQQ\bar{Q}$ pentaquark states by the QCD sum rule approach that is firmly based on the QCD basic theory. Numerically, masses of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-28 Jian-Rong Zhang

The exotic J^{PC}= 1^{-+} resonance {\pi}_{1}(1600)is examined in the framework of the Quark Model with Constituent Gluon (QMCG). We report the possibility of interpreting that resonance as quark-antiquark-gluon hybrid meson, with a masse =…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-09-12 Azzeddine Benhamida , Lahouari Semlala

The strong decays of the pseudoscalar and scalar double-charmed tetraquarks $ T_{cc;\overline{u}\overline{d}}^{+}$ and $\widetilde{T}_{cc;\overline{u} \overline{d}}^{+}$ are investigated in the framework of the QCD sum rule method. The mass…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-06-26 S. S. Agaev , K. Azizi , H. Sundu

The existence of baryonium-bound or resonant states composed of a baryon and an antibaryon has long been postulated as a natural extension of conventional hadron spectroscopy. In the present work, we conduct a systematic investigation of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-08 Bing-Dong Wan , Jun-Hao Zhang , Yan Zhang , Ming-Yang Yuan

Recent findings on the spectrum of heavy-quark mesons from computer simulations of quarks and gluons in lattice QCD are summarized, with particular attention to quark-antiquark states bound by an excited gluon field. The validity of a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 K. Jimmy Juge , Julius Kuti , Colin Morningstar

QCD Laplace sum-rules are briefly reviewed and two sum-rule applications are presented. For scalar gluonium, upper bounds on the lightest state are obtained from ratios of Laplace sum-rules, and the role of instantons and the low-energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 T. G. Steele , D. Harnett

We apply the method of QCD sum rules to study the structure $X$ newly observed by the BESIII Collaboration in the $\phi \eta^\prime$ mass spectrum in 2.0-2.1 GeV region in the $J/\psi \rightarrow \phi \eta \eta^\prime$ decay. We construct…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-03-19 Er-Liang Cui , Hui-Min Yang , Hua-Xing Chen , Wei Chen , Cheng-Ping Shen

We use the QCD sum rules to study possible $B_c$-like molecular states. We consider isoscalar $J^P = 0^+$ and $J^P = 1^+ D^{(\ast)}B^{(\ast)}$ molecular currents. We consider the contributions of condensates up to dimension eight and we…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-11-22 Raphael M. Albuquerque , Xiang Liu , Marina Nielsen

We present a systematic study of the masses of light excited $q\bar{q}$ mesons using QCD sum rules at next-to-leading order (NLO). To probe excited states, we construct several interpolating currents with covariant derivatives inserted. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-20 Shuang-Hong Li , Wei-Yang Lai , Hong-Ying Jin

In this article, we construct both the axialvector-diquark-axialvector-diquark-antiquark type and axialvector-diquark-scalar-diquark-antiquark type interpolating currents, then calculate the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-03-16 Zhi-Gang Wang

Verifying the existence of bound states of gluons and distinguishing them from conventional quark-antiquark, hybrid or tetraquark states has remained a key problem in QCD. We show that QCD counting rules for the power-law fall-off of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-12-27 Felipe J. Llanes-Estrada , Stanley J. Brodsky

It is argued that it is valid to use QCD sum rules to determine the scalar and pseudoscalar two-point functions at zero momentum, which in turn determine the ratio of the strange to non-strange quark condensates $R_{su} = \frac{<\bar{s}…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-01-06 C. A. Dominguez , N. F. Nasrallah , K. Schilcher

Using the non-relativistic version of Borel sum rules, combined to the very accurate experimental information on the Charmonium and Upsilon spectra, we rigorously investigate the Euclidean mass of the Charm and Bottom quark. Our analysis is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Chabab , R. Markazi , E. H. Saidi

In this article, we illustrate how to calculate the hadronic coupling constants of the pentaquark states with the QCD sum rules based on rigorous quark-hadron quality, then study the hadronic coupling constants of the lowest…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-19 Zhi-Gang Wang , Hui-Juan Wang , Qi Xin

We consider the process containing two quark lines and an arbitrary number of gluons in a spinor helicity framework. A current with two off-shell gluons appears in the amplitude. We first study this modified gluon current using recursion…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-22 G. Mahlon , T. M. Yan , C. Dunn