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Online marketplace designers frequently run A/B tests to measure the impact of proposed product changes. However, given that marketplaces are inherently connected, total average treatment effect estimates obtained through Bernoulli…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-04-28 David Holtz , Ruben Lobel , Inessa Liskovich , Sinan Aral

Data sharing between online trackers and advertisers is a key component in online behavioral advertising. This sharing can be facilitated through a variety of processes, including those not observable to the user's browser. The…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Maaz Bin Musa , Rishab Nithyanand

Privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) represent a critical operational challenge for the online advertising industry, requiring substantial infrastructure investment while promising improved consumer privacy protection. Even when PETs may…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-22 Kinshuk Jerath , Klaus M. Miller , D. Daniel Sokol

Given only data generated by a standard confounding graph with unobserved confounder, the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) is not identifiable. To estimate the ATE, a practitioner must then either (a) collect deconfounded data;(b) run a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-09 Kyra Gan , Andrew A. Li , Zachary C. Lipton , Sridhar Tayur

This paper investigates decision-making in A/B experiments for online platforms and marketplaces. In such settings, due to constraints on inventory, A/B experiments typically lead to biased estimators because of *interference* between…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-26 Ramesh Johari , Hannah Li , Anushka Murthy , Gabriel Y. Weintraub

The research community has deemed cookie synchronization detection an inherently challenging task. Studies aiming to identify cookie synchronizations often share high-level design choices, but deviate amongst low-level implementations. For…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Jake Smith

A/B testing is a standard method for validating design decisions, yet its reliance on real user traffic limits iteration speed and makes certain experiments impractical. We present SimAB, a system that reframes A/B testing as a fast,…

A/B testing is widexly used in the industry to optimize customer facing websites. Many companies employ experimentation specialists to facilitate and improve the process of A/B testing. Here, we present the application of A/B testing to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Melanie J. I. Müller

Constructing confidence intervals (CIs) for the average treatment effect (ATE) from patient records is crucial to assess the effectiveness and safety of drugs. However, patient records typically come from different hospitals, thus raising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yuxin Wang , Maresa Schröder , Dennis Frauen , Jonas Schweisthal , Konstantin Hess , Stefan Feuerriegel

The rise of cookie paywalls ('pay-or-ok' models) has prompted growing debates around the right to privacy and data protection, monetisation, and the legitimacy of user consent. Despite their increasing use across sectors, limited research…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Victor Morel , Farzaneh Karegar , Cristiana Santos

The Internet of Things (IoT) promises to improve user utility by tuning applications to user behavior, but revealing the characteristics of a user's behavior presents a significant privacy risk. Our previous work has established the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Nazanin Takbiri , Minting Chen , Dennis L. Goeckel , Amir Houmansadr , Hossein Pishro-Nik

We examine machine learning models in a setup where individuals have the choice to share optional personal information with a decision-making system, as seen in modern insurance pricing models. Some users consent to their data being used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Tobias Leemann , Martin Pawelczyk , Christian Thomas Eberle , Gjergji Kasneci

We study private two-terminal hypothesis testing with simple hypotheses where the privacy goal is to ensure that participating in the testing protocol reveals little additional information about the other user's observation when a user is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Varun Narayanan , Manoj Mishra , Vinod M. Prabhakaran

Controlled experiments (A/B tests or randomized field experiments) are the de facto standard to make data-driven decisions when implementing changes and observing customer responses. The methodology to analyze such experiments should be…

Applications · Statistics 2020-03-06 Shafi Kamalbasha , Manuel J. A. Eugster

The Privacy Sandbox initiative from Google includes APIs for enabling privacy-preserving advertising functionalities as part of the effort around limiting third-party cookies. In particular, the Private Aggregation API (PAA) and the…

We extend methods for finite-sample inference about the average treatment effect (ATE) in randomized experiments with binary outcomes to accommodate stratification (blocking). We present three valid methods that differ in their…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-07 Jiaxun Li , Jacob Spertus , Philip B. Stark

Online experiments %in which experimental units receive a sequence of treatments over time are frequently employed in many technological companies to evaluate the performance of a newly developed policy, product, or treatment relative to a…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-14 Ke Sun , Linglong Kong , Hongtu Zhu , Chengchun Shi

A/B testing is ubiquitous within the machine learning and data science operations of internet companies. Generically, the idea is to perform a statistical test of the hypothesis that a new feature is better than the existing platform---for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-11 David Goldberg , James E. Johndrow

In A/B testing two variants of a piece of software are compared in the field from an end user's point of view, enabling data-driven decision making. While widely used in practice, no comprehensive study has been conducted on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Federico Quin , Danny Weyns , Matthias Galster , Camila Costa Silva

In online randomized experiments or A/B tests, accurate predictions of participant inclusion rates are of paramount importance. These predictions not only guide experimenters in optimizing the experiment's duration but also enhance the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-06 Lorenzo Masoero , Mario Beraha , Thomas Richardson , Stefano Favaro
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