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Related papers: Privacy Aware Experiments without Cookies

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Privacy regulations have led to many websites showing cookie banners to their users. Usually, cookie banners present the user with the option to "accept" or "reject" cookies. Recently, a new form of paywall-like cookie banner has taken hold…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Ali Rasaii , Devashish Gosain , Oliver Gasser

A core principle of Privacy by Design (PbD) is minimizing the data that is stored or shared about each individual respondent. PbD principles are mandated by the GDPR (see Article 5c and Article 25), as well as informing aspects of…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-27 Matthew Gershoff

Online controlled experiments (also known as A/B Testing) have been viewed as a golden standard for large data-driven companies since the last few decades. The most common A/B testing framework adopted by many companies use "average…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-15 Yihan Bao , Shichao Han , Yong Wang

We propose a framework for testing the homogeneity of conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) across multiple experimental and observational studies. Our approach leverages multiple randomized trials to assess whether treatment…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-25 Ana Armendariz , Martin Huber

This study addresses the challenge of estimating average treatment effects (ATEs) for advertising campaigns in online marketplaces where complete randomized experimentation is infeasible. We propose two key innovations: (1) a shrinkage…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-01 Yen-Chun Liu , Alexander Volfovsky , German Schnaidt , Cristobal Garib , Eric Laber

Digital technology organizations routinely use online experiments (e.g. A/B tests) to guide their product and business decisions. In e-commerce, we often measure changes to transaction- or item-based business metrics such as Average Basket…

Applications · Statistics 2023-04-18 C. H. Bryan Liu , Emma J. McCoy

We study how to efficiently estimate average treatment effects (ATEs) using adaptive experiments. In adaptive experiments, experimenters sequentially assign treatments to experimental units while updating treatment assignment probabilities…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-21 Masahiro Kato , Takuya Ishihara , Junya Honda , Yusuke Narita

We measure how effective Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) are at protecting users from website fingerprinting. Our measurements use both experimental and observational methods. Experimental methods allow control, precision, and use on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Amit Datta , Jianan Lu , Michael Carl Tschantz

Recently introduced privacy legislation has aimed to restrict and control the amount of personal data published by companies and shared to third parties. Much of this real data is not only sensitive requiring anonymization, but also…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Mostafa Milani , Yu Huang , Fei Chiang

Dark patterns are (evil) design nudges that steer people's behaviour through persuasive interface design. Increasingly found in cookie consent requests, they possibly undermine principles of EU privacy law. In two preregistered online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Paul Graßl , Hanna Schraffenberger , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius , Moniek Buijzen

The estimation of conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) is an important topic in many scientific fields. CATEs can be estimated with high accuracy if data distributed across multiple parties are centralized. However, it is difficult…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-28 Yuji Kawamata , Ryoki Motai , Yukihiko Okada , Akira Imakura , Tetsuya Sakurai

During the past few years, mostly as a result of the GDPR and the CCPA, websites have started to present users with cookie consent banners. These banners are web forms where the users can state their preference and declare which cookies…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Emmanouil Papadogiannakis , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Nicolas Kourtellis , Evangelos P. Markatos

To protect users' privacy, legislators have regulated the usage of tracking technologies, mandating the acquisition of users' consent before collecting data. Consequently, websites started showing more and more consent management modules --…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Nikhil Jha , Martino Trevisan , Luca Vassio , Marco Mellia

In the past decade, the technology industry has adopted online randomized controlled experiments (a.k.a. A/B testing) to guide product development and make business decisions. In practice, A/B tests are often implemented with increasing…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-27 Kevin Han , Shuangning Li , Jialiang Mao , Han Wu

Randomized control trials (RCTs) have been the gold standard to evaluate the effectiveness of a program, policy, or treatment on an outcome of interest. However, many RCTs assume that study participants are willing to share their…

Applications · Statistics 2021-12-07 Manjusha Kancharla , Hyunseung Kang

In social media platforms, user behavior is often influenced by interactions with other users, complicating the accurate estimation of causal effects in traditional A/B experiments. This study investigates situations where an individual's…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Lu Deng , Yilin Li , JingJing Zhang , Yong Wang , Chuan Chen

The transparency and privacy behavior of mobile browsers has remained widely unexplored by the research community. In fact, as opposed to regular Android apps, mobile browsers may present contradicting privacy behaviors. On the one end,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Amogh Pradeep , Álvaro Feal , Julien Gamba , Ashwin Rao , Martina Lindorfer , Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez , David Choffnes

It is quite popular nowadays for researchers and data analysts holding different datasets to seek assistance from each other to enhance their modeling performance. We consider a scenario where different learners hold datasets with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-15 Jiawei Zhang , Yuhong Yang , Jie Ding

Privacy against an adversary (AD) that tries to detect the underlying privacy-sensitive data distribution is studied. The original data sequence is assumed to come from one of the two known distributions, and the privacy leakage is measured…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Zuxing Li , Tobias J. Oechtering , Deniz Gunduz

In this paper, we examine the biases that arise when firms run A/B tests on continuous parameters to estimate global treatment effects on performance metrics of interest; we particularly focus on price experiments to measure the price…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-22 Ramesh Johari , Orrie B. Page , Gabriel Y. Weintraub