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Two of us (CM and VV) recently showed how the quantum character of a physical system, in particular the gravitational field, can in principle be witnessed without directly measuring observables of that system, solely by its ability to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-29 C. Marletto , V. Vedral , D. Deutsch

Witnessing quantum effects in the gravitational field is found to be exceptionally difficult in practice due to lack of empirical evidence. Hence, a debate is going on among physicists whether gravity has a quantum domain or not. There had…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-24 Manabputra , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

We propose a method to witness entanglement between two continuous-variable systems in a Gaussian state. Its key ingredient is a local lossy state transfer from the original spatially separated systems onto two spatially separated qubits.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Waldemar Klobus , Pawel Cieslinski , Lukas Knips , Pawel Kurzynski , Wieslaw Laskowski

Protocols for observing gravity induced entanglement typically comprise the interaction of two particles prepared either in a superposition of two discrete paths, or in a continuously delocalized (harmonic oscillator) state of motion. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-14 Ofek Bengyat , Andrea Di Biagio , Markus Aspelmeyer , Marios Christodoulou

We show that the expectation value of squared correlations measured along random local directions is an identifier of quantum entanglement in pure states which can be directly experimentally assessed if two copies of the state were…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-18 Minh Cong Tran , Borivoje Dakic , Francois Arnault , Wieslaw Laskowski , Tomasz Paterek

We show that a signature of the quantum nature of gravity is the quantum mechanical squeezing of the differential motion of two identical masses with respect to their common mode. This is because the gravitational interaction depends solely…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-14 Animesh Datta , Haixing Miao

An open challenge in physics is to expand the frontiers of the validity of quantum mechanics by evidencing nonclassicality of the centre of mass state of a macroscopic object. Yet another equally important task is to evidence the essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Bin Yi , Urbasi Sinha , Dipankar Home , Anupam Mazumdar , Sougato Bose

We describe a complete method for a precise study of gravitational interaction between two nearby quantum masses. Since the displacements of these masses are much smaller than the initial separation between their centers, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-19 Ankit Kumar , Tanjung Krisnanda , P. Arumugam , Tomasz Paterek

The purpose of this study is to calculate the entanglement measure for a bipartite system where the two subsystems interact via a central potential, and more importantly, to analyze the conceptual implication in the case of gravitational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-16 Jianhao M. Yang

To test the quantum nature of gravity in a lab requires witnessing the entanglement between the two test masses (nano-crystals) solely due to the gravitational interaction kept at a distance in a spatial superposition. The protocol is known…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-26 Martine Schut , Alexey Grinin , Andrew Dana , Sougato Bose , Andrew Geraci , Anupam Mazumdar

Quantum information concepts and quantum technologies have opened the prospect to probe quantum gravity in table-top experiments. Many proposals rely on witnessing entanglement generation as a means to probe whether gravity is a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Konstantin Beyer , M. S. Kim , Igor Pikovski

Entanglement, while being critical in many quantum applications, is difficult to characterize experimentally. While entanglement witnesses based on the fidelity to the target entangled state are efficient detectors of entanglement, they in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-29 Won Kyu Calvin Sun , Alexandre Cooper , Paola Cappellaro

Matter wave interferometers with large momentum transfers, irrespective of specific implementations, will face a universal dephasing due to relative accelerations between the interferometric mass and the associated apparatus. Here we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-08 Marko Toroš , Thomas W. van de Kamp , Ryan J. Marshman , M. S. Kim , Anupam Mazumdar , Sougato Bose

We examine the quantum gravitational entanglement of two test masses in the context of linearized General Relativity with specific non-local interaction with matter. To accomplish this, we consider an energy-momentum tensor describing two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-19 Ulrich K. Beckering Vinckers , Álvaro de la Cruz-Dombriz , Anupam Mazumdar

The detection of entanglement provides a definitive proof of quantumness. Its ascertainment might be challenging for hot or macroscopic objects, where entanglement is typically weak, but nevertheless present. Here we propose a platform for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Tanjung Krisnanda , Tomasz Paterek , Mauro Paternostro , Timothy C. H. Liew

We show that it is possible to transfer two-bit information via encoding a single qubit in a conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment with two very weakly polarized nuclear spins. Nevertheless, the experiment can not be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robabeh Rahimi , Kazuyuki Takeda , Masanao Ozawa , Masahiro Kitagawa

We propose a scheme for detecting entanglement between two electron spin qubits in a double quantum dot using an entanglement witness operator. We first calculate the optimal configuration of the two electron spins, defined as the position…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-02-28 A. Borras , M. Blaauboer

It is a general belief that all fundamental interactions need to be quantized. However, all attempts to develop a quantum theory of gravity presented various problems, leading to a recent active debate about how to probe its quantum nature.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-25 Salvatore M. Giampaolo , Tommaso Macrì

This paper presents an efficient method for detecting entanglement in high-dimensional two-qudit states by mapping the Hilbert space onto the space of two qubits. This transformation enables the use of well-established two-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Josef Kadlec , Artur Barasiński , Karel Lemr

No experiment to date has provided evidence for quantum features of the gravitational interaction. Recently proposed tests suggest looking for the generation of quantum entanglement between massive objects as a possible route towards the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-31 Tanjung Krisnanda , Guo Yao Tham , Mauro Paternostro , Tomasz Paterek