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How can you sample good negative examples for contrastive learning? We argue that, as with metric learning, contrastive learning of representations benefits from hard negative samples (i.e., points that are difficult to distinguish from an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Joshua Robinson , Ching-Yao Chuang , Suvrit Sra , Stefanie Jegelka

Traditional supervised learning methods are hitting a bottleneck because of their dependency on expensive manually labeled data and their weaknesses such as limited generalization ability and vulnerability to adversarial attacks. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Ran Liu

We propose a novel biologically-plausible solution to the credit assignment problem motivated by observations in the ventral visual pathway and trained deep neural networks. In both, representations of objects in the same category become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Shanshan Qin , Nayantara Mudur , Cengiz Pehlevan

Contrastive learning applied to self-supervised representation learning has seen a resurgence in recent years, leading to state of the art performance in the unsupervised training of deep image models. Modern batch contrastive approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Prannay Khosla , Piotr Teterwak , Chen Wang , Aaron Sarna , Yonglong Tian , Phillip Isola , Aaron Maschinot , Ce Liu , Dilip Krishnan

Several automatic approaches for objective music performance assessment (MPA) have been proposed in the past, however, existing systems are not yet capable of reliably predicting ratings with the same accuracy as professional judges. This…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Pavan Seshadri , Alexander Lerch

While most successful approaches for machine reading comprehension rely on single training objective, it is assumed that the encoder layer can learn great representation through the loss function we define in the predict layer, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Yifeng Xie

Detecting Out-of-Domain (OOD) or unknown intents from user queries is essential in a task-oriented dialog system. A key challenge of OOD detection is to learn discriminative semantic features. Traditional cross-entropy loss only focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Zhiyuan Zeng , Keqing He , Yuanmeng Yan , Zijun Liu , Yanan Wu , Hong Xu , Huixing Jiang , Weiran Xu

Though offering amazing contextualized token-level representations, current pre-trained language models actually take less attention on acquiring sentence-level representation during its self-supervised pre-training. If self-supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Bohong Wu , Hai Zhao

Graph representation learning nowadays becomes fundamental in analyzing graph-structured data. Inspired by recent success of contrastive methods, in this paper, we propose a novel framework for unsupervised graph representation learning by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Yanqiao Zhu , Yichen Xu , Feng Yu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

Contrastive learning is a discriminative approach that aims at grouping similar samples closer and diverse samples far from each other. It it an efficient technique to train an encoder generating distinguishable and informative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Qing Chen , Jian Zhang

Contrastive learning has emerged as an essential approach for self-supervised learning in visual representation learning. The central objective of contrastive learning is to maximize the similarities between two augmented versions of an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Hengkui Dong , Xianzhong Long , Yun Li , Lei Chen

The cross-entropy objective has proved to be an all-purpose training objective for autoregressive language models (LMs). However, without considering the penalization of problematic tokens, LMs trained using cross-entropy exhibit text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Shaojie Jiang , Ruqing Zhang , Svitlana Vakulenko , Maarten de Rijke

We develop an approach to learning visual representations that embraces multimodal data, driven by a combination of intra- and inter-modal similarity preservation objectives. Unlike existing visual pre-training methods, which solve a proxy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Xin Yuan , Zhe Lin , Jason Kuen , Jianming Zhang , Yilin Wang , Michael Maire , Ajinkya Kale , Baldo Faieta

As a seminal tool in self-supervised representation learning, contrastive learning has gained unprecedented attention in recent years. In essence, contrastive learning aims to leverage pairs of positive and negative samples for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Ching-Yun Ko , Jeet Mohapatra , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Luca Daniel , Lily Weng

Semantic representation learning for sentences is an important and well-studied problem in NLP. The current trend for this task involves training a Transformer-based sentence encoder through a contrastive objective with text, i.e.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Yiren Jian , Chongyang Gao , Soroush Vosoughi

Despite the success of a number of recent techniques for visual self-supervised deep learning, there has been limited investigation into the representations that are ultimately learned. By leveraging recent advances in the comparison of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Tom George Grigg , Dan Busbridge , Jason Ramapuram , Russ Webb

Contrastive self-supervised learning methods famously produce high quality transferable representations by learning invariances to different data augmentations. Invariances established during pre-training can be interpreted as strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Ruchika Chavhan , Henry Gouk , Jan Stuehmer , Calum Heggan , Mehrdad Yaghoobi , Timothy Hospedales

Meta-learning enables learning systems to adapt quickly to new tasks, similar to humans. Different meta-learning approaches all work under/with the mini-batch episodic training framework. Such framework naturally gives the information about…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Shiguang Wu , Yaqing Wang , Yatao Bian , Quanming Yao

Recent self-supervised contrastive methods have been able to produce impressive transferable visual representations by learning to be invariant to different data augmentations. However, these methods implicitly assume a particular set of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Tete Xiao , Xiaolong Wang , Alexei A. Efros , Trevor Darrell

Contrastive learning and supervised learning have both seen significant progress and success. However, thus far they have largely been treated as two separate objectives, brought together only by having a shared neural network. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Hao Liu , Pieter Abbeel
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