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Variational inequalities are widely applied in mechanical engineering, fluid penetration, transportation, and other fields. In this paper, a Deep Ritz method based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) is proposed to enhance the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Qijia Zhou , Yiyang Wang , Shengyuan Deng , Chenliang Li

In this work, we address a foundational question in the theoretical analysis of the Deep Ritz Method (DRM) under the over-parameteriztion regime: Given a target precision level, how can one determine the appropriate number of training…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Yuling Jiao , Ruoxuan Li , Peiying Wu , Jerry Zhijian Yang , Pingwen Zhang

This paper presents an a priori error analysis of the Deep Mixed Residual method (MIM) for solving high-order elliptic equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions, including Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin conditions. We examine MIM…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Mengjia Bai , Jingrun Chen , Rui Du , Zhiwei Sun

In recent years, neural networks have achieved remarkable progress in various fields and have also drawn much attention in applying them on scientific problems. A line of methods involving neural networks for solving partial differential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Xianliang Xu , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

In recent years, a significant amount of attention has been paid to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by deep learning. For example, deep Galerkin method (DGM) uses the PDE residual in the least-squares sense as the loss function…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Liyao Lyu , Zhen Zhang , Minxin Chen , Jingrun Chen

We analyze neural network solutions to partial differential equations obtained with Physics Informed Neural Networks. In particular, we apply tools of classical finite element error analysis to obtain conclusions about the error of the Deep…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-10-24 Piotr Minakowski , Thomas Richter

We introduce a deep residual recurrent neural network (DR-RNN) as an efficient model reduction technique for nonlinear dynamical systems. The developed DR-RNN is inspired by the iterative steps of line search methods in finding the residual…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2017-09-05 J. Nagoor Kani , Ahmed H. Elsheikh

We propose two deep neural network-based methods for solving semi-martingale optimal transport problems. The first method is based on a relaxation/penalization of the terminal constraint, and is solved using deep neural networks. The second…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-08 Ivan Guo , Nicolas Langrené , Grégoire Loeper , Wei Ning

This paper interprets the stabilized finite element method via residual minimization as a variational multiscale method. We approximate the solution to the partial differential equations using two discrete spaces that we build on a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Juan F. Giraldo , Victor M. Calo

The emergence of deep learning has stimulated a new class of PDE solvers in which the unknown solution is represented by a neural network. Within this framework, residual minimization in dual norms -- central to weak adversarial neural…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-08 Emin Benny-Chacko , Ignacio Brevis , Luis Espath , Kristoffer G. van der Zee

We introduce the Optimizing a Discrete Loss (ODIL) framework for the numerical solution of Partial Differential Equations (PDE) using machine learning tools. The framework formulates numerical methods as a minimization of discrete residuals…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-23 Petr Karnakov , Sergey Litvinov , Petros Koumoutsakos

Recently, innovative adaptations of the Ritz Method incorporating deep learning have been developed, known as the Deep Ritz Method. This approach employs a neural network as the test function for variational problems. However, the neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Rafael Florencio , Julio Guerrero

We introduce an adaptive sampling method for the Deep Ritz method aimed at solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Two deep neural networks are used. One network is employed to approximate the solution of PDEs, while the other one is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Xiaoliang Wan , Tao Zhou , Yuancheng Zhou

We revisit residual algorithms in both model-free and model-based reinforcement learning settings. We propose the bidirectional target network technique to stabilize residual algorithms, yielding a residual version of DDPG that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Shangtong Zhang , Wendelin Boehmer , Shimon Whiteson

This paper deals with speeding up the convergence of a class of two-step iterative methods for solving linear systems of equations. To implement the acceleration technique, the residual norm associated with computed approximations for each…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Fatemeh P. A. Beik , Michele Benzi , Mehdi Najafi-Kalyani

We present a rigorous theoretical analysis of the convergence rate of the deep mixed residual method (MIM) when applied to a linear elliptic equation with various types of boundary conditions. The MIM method has been proposed as a more…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-11 Kai Gu , Peng Fang , Zhiwei Sun , Rui du

This paper concerns the a priori generalization analysis of the Deep Ritz Method (DRM) [W. E and B. Yu, 2017], a popular neural-network-based method for solving high dimensional partial differential equations. We derive the generalization…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-23 Jianfeng Lu , Yulong Lu , Min Wang

Connections between Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) training and optimal control theory has attracted considerable attention as a principled tool of algorithmic design. Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) neural optimizer is a recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Guan-Horng Liu , Tianrong Chen , Evangelos A. Theodorou

In recent years, there is a growing need to train machine learning models on a huge volume of data. Designing efficient distributed optimization algorithms for empirical risk minimization (ERM) has therefore become an active and challenging…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-19 Ching-pei Lee , Kai-Wei Chang

Neural Algorithmic Reasoning is an emerging area of machine learning which seeks to infuse algorithmic computation in neural networks, typically by training neural models to approximate steps of classical algorithms. In this context, much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Danilo Numeroso , Davide Bacciu , Petar Veličković