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A multi-hop question answering (QA) dataset aims to test reasoning and inference skills by requiring a model to read multiple paragraphs to answer a given question. However, current datasets do not provide a complete explanation for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Xanh Ho , Anh-Khoa Duong Nguyen , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires reasoning over multiple documents to answer a complex question and provide interpretable supporting evidence. However, providing supporting evidence is not enough to demonstrate that a model has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Zhenyun Deng , Yonghua Zhu , Yang Chen , Qianqian Qi , Michael Witbrock , Patricia Riddle

Most existing multi-hop datasets are extractive answer datasets, where the answers to the questions can be extracted directly from the provided context. This often leads models to use heuristics or shortcuts instead of performing true…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Julian Schnitzler , Xanh Ho , Jiahao Huang , Florian Boudin , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa

Language-enabled AI systems can answer complex, multi-hop questions to high accuracy, but supporting answers with evidence is a more challenging task which is important for the transparency and trustworthiness to users. Prior work in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Shane Storks , Qiaozi Gao , Aishwarya Reganti , Govind Thattai

Advances in machine reading comprehension (MRC) rely heavily on the collection of large scale human-annotated examples in the form of (question, paragraph, answer) triples. In contrast, humans are typically able to generalize with only a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Qinyuan Ye , Xiao Huang , Elizabeth Boschee , Xiang Ren

Despite demonstrating emergent reasoning abilities, Large Language Models (LLMS) often lose track of complex, multi-step reasoning. Existing studies show that providing guidance via decomposing the original question into multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Gurusha Juneja , Subhabrata Dutta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Despite readily memorizing world knowledge about entities, pre-trained language models (LMs) struggle to compose together two or more facts to perform multi-hop reasoning in question-answering tasks. In this work, we propose techniques that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Kanishka Misra , Cicero Nogueira dos Santos , Siamak Shakeri

While most successful approaches for machine reading comprehension rely on single training objective, it is assumed that the encoder layer can learn great representation through the loss function we define in the predict layer, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Yifeng Xie

Few-shot prompting is a surprisingly powerful way to use Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve various tasks. However, this approach struggles as the task complexity increases or when the individual reasoning steps of the task themselves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Tushar Khot , Harsh Trivedi , Matthew Finlayson , Yao Fu , Kyle Richardson , Peter Clark , Ashish Sabharwal

We propose a general framework called Text Modular Networks(TMNs) for building interpretable systems that learn to solve complex tasks by decomposing them into simpler ones solvable by existing models. To ensure solvability of simpler…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Tushar Khot , Daniel Khashabi , Kyle Richardson , Peter Clark , Ashish Sabharwal

Multi-hop question answering is a challenging task for both large language models (LLMs) and humans, as it requires recognizing when multi-hop reasoning is needed, followed by reading comprehension, logical reasoning, and knowledge…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jinyan Su , Claire Cardie , Jennifer Healey

The emergence of reasoning models and their integration into practical AI chat bots has led to breakthroughs in solving advanced math, deep search, and extractive question answering problems that requires a complex and multi-step thought…

Humans have the innate capability to answer diverse questions, which is rooted in the natural ability to correlate different concepts based on their semantic relationships and decompose difficult problems into sub-tasks. On the contrary,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Shi Chen , Qi Zhao

Decomposing models into multiple components is critically important in many applications such as language modeling (LM) as it enables adapting individual components separately and biasing of some components to the user's personal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Denis Filimonov , Ravi Teja Gadde , Ariya Rastrow

Interpretability is a pressing issue for machine learning. Common approaches to interpretable machine learning constrain interactions between features of the input, rendering the effects of those features on a model's output comprehensible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Kieran A. Murphy , Dani S. Bassett

Building compositional explanations requires models to combine two or more facts that, together, describe why the answer to a question is correct. Typically, these "multi-hop" explanations are evaluated relative to one (or a small number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Peter Jansen , Kelly Smith , Dan Moreno , Huitzilin Ortiz

Creating multiple-choice questions to assess reading comprehension of a given article involves generating question-answer pairs (QAPs) and adequate distractors. We present two methods to tackle the challenge of QAP generations: (1) A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Cheng Zhang

We study implicit reasoning, i.e. the ability to combine knowledge or rules within a single forward pass. While transformer-based large language models store substantial factual knowledge and rules, they often fail to compose this knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Harsh Kohli , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Huan Sun , Yuekun Yao

A key challenge of multi-hop question answering (QA) in the open-domain setting is to accurately retrieve the supporting passages from a large corpus. Existing work on open-domain QA typically relies on off-the-shelf information retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Wenhan Xiong , Mo Yu , Xiaoxiao Guo , Hong Wang , Shiyu Chang , Murray Campbell , William Yang Wang

Multi-hop QA with annotated supporting facts, which is the task of reading comprehension (RC) considering the interpretability of the answer, has been extensively studied. In this study, we define an interpretable reading comprehension…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Kosuke Nishida , Kyosuke Nishida , Itsumi Saito , Sen Yoshida