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Randomized experiments are the gold standard for causal inference. However, traditional assumptions, such as the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA), often fail in real-world settings where interference between units is present.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-02 Xin Lu , Yuhao Wang , Zhiheng Zhang

In causal inference, interference occurs when the treatment of one unit may affect the outcomes of other units. The goal of this work is to serve as a guide to the use of linear outcome modeling for estimating causal effects in settings…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-01 Eric Tong , Salvador V. Balkus

Scheduling with testing is a recent online problem within the framework of explorable uncertainty motivated by environments where some preliminary action can influence the duration of a task. Jobs have an unknown processing time that can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Susanne Albers , Alexander Eckl

Recommender systems have become an integral part of online platforms, providing personalized recommendations for purchases, content consumption, and interpersonal connections. These systems consist of two sides: the producer side comprises…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-08 Yan Wang , Shan Ba

In order to estimate causal effects in a randomized experiment where spillovers are suspected to occur, analysts must posit a model of interference. The most popular class of interference models are those based on exposure mappings. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Chao Gao , Christopher Harshaw , Fredrik Sävje , Yitan Wang

Experimental design has emerged as a powerful approach for improving the sample efficiency of A/B testing, yet existing designs rely critically on correctly specified models. We study robust sequential experimental design under model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Qianglin Wen , Xiangkun Wu , Chengchun Shi , Ting Li , Niansheng Tang , Yingying Zhang , Hongtu Zhu

Interference is a ubiquitous problem in experiments conducted on two-sided content marketplaces, such as Douyin (China's analog of TikTok). In many cases, creators are the natural unit of experimentation, but creators interfere with each…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-05 Vivek F. Farias , Hao Li , Tianyi Peng , Xinyuyang Ren , Huawei Zhang , Andrew Zheng

Neural networks are powerful predictive models, but they provide little insight into the nature of relationships between predictors and outcomes. Although numerous methods have been proposed to quantify the relative contributions of input…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-30 Francesca Mandel , Ian Barnett

Recent advances in probabilistic modelling have led to a large number of simulation-based inference algorithms which do not require numerical evaluation of likelihoods. However, a public benchmark with appropriate performance metrics for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-12 Jan-Matthis Lueckmann , Jan Boelts , David S. Greenberg , Pedro J. Gonçalves , Jakob H. Macke

In the past two decades, AB testing has proliferated to optimise products in digital domains. Traditional AB tests use fixed-horizon testing, determining the sample size of the experiment and continuing until the experiment has concluded.…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-01 Daniel Beasley

Marketers often use A/B testing as a tool to compare marketing treatments in a test stage and then deploy the better-performing treatment to the remainder of the consumer population. While these tests have traditionally been analyzed using…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-03 Elea McDonnell Feit , Ron Berman

Many interventions, such as vaccines in clinical trials or coupons in online marketplaces, must be assigned sequentially without full knowledge of their effects. Multi-armed bandit algorithms have proven successful in such settings.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-07 Aidan Gleich , Eric Laber , Alexander Volfovsky

Interference Management is a vast topic present in many disciplines. The majority of wireless standards suffer the drawback of interference intrusion and the network efficiency drop due to that. Traditionally, interference management has…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-10 Pol Henarejos , Miguel Ángel Vázquez , Ana Isabel Pérez-Neira

Many causal questions involve interactions between units, also known as interference, for example between individuals in households, students in schools, or firms in markets. In this paper, we formalize the concept of a conditioning…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-25 Guillaume Basse , Avi Feller , Panos Toulis

A/B tests are typically analyzed via frequentist p-values and confidence intervals; but these inferences are wholly unreliable if users endogenously choose samples sizes by *continuously monitoring* their tests. We define *always valid*…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-18 Ramesh Johari , Leo Pekelis , David J. Walsh

We give an approach for characterizing interference by lower bounding the number of units whose outcome depends on selected groups of treated individuals, such as depending on the treatment of others, or others who are at least a certain…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-04 David Choi

Technology companies are increasingly using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as part of their development process. Despite having fine control over engineering systems and data instrumentation, these RCTs can still be imperfectly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Jeffrey Wong , Jasmine Nettiksimmons , Jiannan Lu , Katherine Livins

AB testing aids business operators with their decision making, and is considered the gold standard method for learning from data to improve digital user experiences. However, there is usually a gap between the requirements of practitioners,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Srivas Chennu , Andrew Maher , Christian Pangerl , Subash Prabanantham , Jae Hyeon Bae , Jamie Martin , Bud Goswami

Pen testing is the problem of selecting high-capacity resources when the only way to measure the capacity of a resource expends its capacity. We have a set of $n$ pens with unknown amounts of ink and our goal is to select a feasible subset…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Aadityan Ganesh , Jason Hartline

A/B experiments are commonly used in research to compare the effects of changing one or more variables in two different experimental groups - a control group and a treatment group. While the benefits of using A/B experiments are widely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Andrew Hornback , Sungeun An , Scott Bunin , Stephen Buckley , John Kos , Ashok Goel