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In this work we derive two computationally efficient frequentist detection statistics that can be used in searches for gravitational-wave bursts with memory in pulsar timing data. By maximizing the likelihood ratio in two different ways we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-29 Jerry P. Sun , Xavier Siemens , Dustin R. Madison

State-of-the-art searches for gravitational waves (GWs) in pulsar timing array (PTA) datasets model the signal as an isotropic, Gaussian and stationary process described by a power-law. In practice, none of these properties are expected to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-25 Serena Valtolina , Golam Shaifullah , Anuradha Samajdar , Alberto Sesana

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect gravitational waves with periods from several months to several years, e.g. those produced by by wide supermassive black-hole binaries in the centers of distant galaxies. Here we show that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Rutger van Haasteren , Yuri Levin

Pulsar timing arrays act to detect gravitational waves by observing the small, correlated effect the waves have on pulse arrival times at Earth. This effect has conventionally been evaluated assuming the gravitational wave phasefronts are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Xihao Deng , Lee Samuel Finn

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments are expected to be sensitive to gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by individual supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) inspiralling along eccentric orbits. We compare the computational cost of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-03 Abhimanyu Susobhanan

Pulsar timing array (PTA) provides an excellent opportunity to detect the gravitational waves (GWs) in nanoHertz frequency band. In particular, due to the larger number of "arms" in PTA, it can be used to test gravity by probing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-29 Rui Niu , Wen Zhao

The goal of the MeerKAT radio telescope's pulsar timing array programme (MPTA) is the detection of gravitational waves (GWs) of nanohertz frequencies. Evidence for such a signal was recently announced by the MPTA and several other pulsar…

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are rapidly advancing toward the detection of continuous gravitational waves from individual supermassive binary black holes. While it is well established that coherently utilizing the ``pulsar term" requires…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-30 Chao-Fan Wen , Yi-Qin Chen , Shi-Yi Zhao , Hao Ding , Xingjiang Zhu

One of the imminent science goals of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) is the detection of a continuous gravitational wave (CGW) emitted by an individual supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). SMBHBs that cause CGWs with GW frequencies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-18 Kathrin Grunthal , Nataliya Porayko , David J. Champion , Michael Kramer

Gravitational Waves (GWs) are tiny ripples in the fabric of space-time predicted by Einstein's General Relativity. Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are well poised to detect low frequency ($10^{-9}$ -- $10^{-7}$ Hz) GWs in the near future. There…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 J. A. Ellis , F. A. Jenet , M. A. McLaughlin

Pulsars are very stable clocks in space which have many applications to problems in physics and astrophysics. Observations of double-neutron-star binary systems have given the first observational evidence for the existence of gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-04-22 R. N. Manchester

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are galactic-scale gravitational wave detectors. Each individual arm, composed of a millisecond pulsar, a radio telescope, and a kiloparsecs-long path, differs in its properties but, in aggregate, can be used to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-29 Gabriella Agazie , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Paul T. Baker , Bence Bécsy , Laura Blecha , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Neil J. Cornish , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Megan E. Decesar , Paul B. Demorest , Timothy Dolch , Brendan Drachler , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Nate Garver-Daniels , Peter A. Gentile , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Lydia Guertin , Kayhan Gültekin , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Ross J. Jennings , Aaron D. Johnson , Megan L. Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David L. Kaplan , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Matthew Kerr , Joey S. Key , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Tingting Liu , Duncan R. Lorimer , Jing Luo , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Alexander Mcewen , James W. Mckee , Maura A. Mclaughlin , Natasha Mcmann , Bradley W. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Cherry Ng , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Ken D. Olum , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge B. P. Perera , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Joseph D. Romano , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Ann Schmiedekamp , Carl Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Xavier Siemens , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Stephen R. Taylor , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Michele Vallisneri , Sarah J. Vigeland , Haley M. Wahl , Caitlin A. Witt , Olivia Young

A pulsar timing array is a Galactic-scale detector of nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs). Its target signals contain two components: the `Earth term' and the `pulsar term' corresponding to GWs incident on the Earth and pulsar respectively.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-06 Xingjiang Zhu , Linqing Wen , Jie Xiong , Yanjun Xu , Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty , George Hobbs , Richard N. Manchester

Globally, Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments have revealed evidence supporting an existing gravitational wave background (GWB) signal in the PTA data set. Apart from acquiring more observations, the sensitivity of PTA experiments can be…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-03 El Mehdi Zahraoui , Patricio Maturana-Russel , Willem van Straten , Renate Meyer , Sergei Gulyaev

The European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) network is a collaboration between the five largest radio telescopes in Europe aiming to study the astrophysics of millisecond pulsars and to detect cosmological gravitational waves in the nano-Hertz…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-02-04 K. Lazaridis

Gravitational wave (GW) searches using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are assumed to be limited by the typical average observational cadence of $1/(2~{\rm weeks})$ for a single pulsar to GW frequencies $\lesssim 4\times 10^{-7}$ Hz. We show…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-10 Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty , Zhoujian Cao

In 2023, after more than two decades of searching, pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations around the world announced evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background. It was quickly followed by work from the International Pulsar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-18 David Wright , Kalista Wayt , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Xavier Siemens , Rutger van Haasteren , Levi Schult , Stephen R. Taylor

Pulsar timing arrays aim to detect nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). A background of GWs modulates pulsar arrival times and manifests as a stochastic process, common to all pulsars, with a signature spatial correlation. Here we…

Simple analytic expressions are derived for the sensitivity curve of a pulsar timing array (PTA) to both a monochromatic source of gravitational waves and an isotropic stochastic background of gravitational waves. These derivations are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-11 Christopher J. Moore

Pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) are seeking gravitational waves from supermassive-black-hole binaries, and there are prospects to complement these searches with stellar-astrometry measurements. Theorists still disagree, however, as to whether…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-19 Selim C. Hotinli , Marc Kamionkowski , Andrew H. Jaffe