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The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in high-risk, decision-making scenarios presents technical, safety, and normative challenges; problems that may only be ameliorated by human oversight. However, notions of human oversight lack a…

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems accelerate medical workflows and improve diagnostic accuracy in healthcare, serving as second-opinion systems. However, the unpredictability of AI errors poses a significant challenge, particularly in…

This paper examines the systemic risks posed by incremental advancements in artificial intelligence, developing the concept of `gradual disempowerment', in contrast to the abrupt takeover scenarios commonly discussed in AI safety. We…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Jan Kulveit , Raymond Douglas , Nora Ammann , Deger Turan , David Krueger , David Duvenaud

Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) can autonomously pursue long-term goals, make decisions, and execute complex, multi-turn workflows. Unlike traditional generative AI, which responds reactively to prompts, agentic AI proactively…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Anirban Mukherjee , Hannah Hanwen Chang

Rapid progress in machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) has brought increasing attention to the potential impacts of AI technologies on society. In this paper we discuss one such potential impact: the problem of accidents in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-07-26 Dario Amodei , Chris Olah , Jacob Steinhardt , Paul Christiano , John Schulman , Dan Mané

The explainability of AI has transformed from a purely technical issue to a complex issue closely related to algorithmic governance and algorithmic security. The lack of explainable AI (XAI) brings adverse effects that can cross all…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Yulu Pi

As artificial intelligence scales, the concepts of alignment, agency, and autonomy have become central to AI safety, governance, and control. However, even in human contexts, these terms lack universal definitions, varying across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Krti Tallam

AI is transforming the existing technology landscape at a rapid phase enabling data-informed decision making and autonomous decision making. Unlike any other technology, because of the decision-making ability of AI, ethics and governance…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Mahendra Samarawickrama

This paper provides an overview and critique of the risk based model of artificial intelligence (AI) governance that has become a popular approach to AI regulation across multiple jurisdictions. The 'AI Policy Landscape in Europe, North…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Veve Fry

In the current era, people and society have grown increasingly reliant on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. AI has the potential to drive us towards a future in which all of humanity flourishes. It also comes with substantial risks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Lu Cheng , Kush R. Varshney , Huan Liu

AI-based systems have been used widely across various industries for different decisions ranging from operational decisions to tactical and strategic ones in low- and high-stakes contexts. Gradually the weaknesses and issues of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Morteza Saberi

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant challenges to the education and workforce skills required to take advantage of AI for human-AI collaboration in the workplace. As AI continues to reshape…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Margarida Romero

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming critical components of today's IT landscapes. Their resilience against attacks and other environmental influences needs to be ensured just like for other IT assets. Considering the…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made impressive progress in recent years and represents a key technology that has a crucial impact on the economy and society. However, it is clear that AI and business models based on it can only reach…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping lifelong learning by introducing new possibilities for personalized, flexible, and data-informed educational practices. In the field of adult education, AI has gained particular…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Andresa Theodora , Nikolaos Tselios

As AI systems are integrated into high stakes social domains, researchers now examine how to design and operate them in a safe and ethical manner. However, the criteria for identifying and diagnosing safety risks in complex social contexts…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Roel Dobbe , Thomas Krendl Gilbert , Yonatan Mintz

Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are increasingly providing decision making and operational support across multiple domains. AI includes a wide library of algorithms for different problems. One important notion for the adoption of AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Feras A. Batarseh , Laura Freeman

The terms 'human-level artificial intelligence' and 'artificial general intelligence' are widely used to refer to the possibility of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) with potentially extreme impacts on society. These terms are poorly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Ross Gruetzemacher , Jess Whittlestone

As AI technologies increase in capability and ubiquity, AI accidents are becoming more common. Based on normal accident theory, high reliability theory, and open systems theory, we create a framework for understanding the risks associated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Heather M. Williams , Roman V. Yampolskiy

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes deeply integrated into critical infrastructures and everyday life, ensuring its safe deployment is one of humanity's most urgent challenges. Current AI models prioritize task optimization over safety,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Joshua T. S. Hewson