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Much of the analysis of economic growth has focused on the study of aggregate output. Here, we deviate from this tradition and look instead at the structure of output embodied in the network connecting countries to the products that they…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2012-03-02 Ricardo Hausmann , Cesar A. Hidalgo

For centuries, national economies created wealth by engaging in international trade and production. The resulting international supply networks not only increase wealth for countries, but also create systemic risk: economic shocks,…

General Economics · Economics 2021-12-02 Abhijit Chakraborty , Tobias Reisch , Christian Diem , Stefan Thurner

In a globalised world, inflation in a given country may be becoming less responsive to domestic economic activity, while being increasingly determined by international conditions. Consequently, understanding the international sources of…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-10-30 Ignacio Garrón , C. Vladimir Rodríguez-Caballero , Esther Ruiz

The money market and the capital market of the Indian financial markets have a symbiotic relationship in the development of the Indian economy. The nature and the characteristics of the markets differ to a large extent as the money market…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-21 Bilal Hungund , Shilpa Rastogi

The importance of trade to an economy needs no emphasis. You sell products or services that you are competitive at and buy those where you are not. Experience of countries such as South Korea and China demonstrate that resources required…

General Economics · Economics 2021-03-03 Rajkumar Byahut , Sourish Dutta , Chidambaran G. Iyer , Manikantha Nataraj

We consider a simple variant of the von Neumann model of an expanding economy, in which multiple producers make goods according to their production function. The players trade their goods at the market and then use the bundles acquired for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Simina Brânzei , Ruta Mehta , Noam Nisan

The evolution of global income distribution from 1988 to 2018 is analyzed using purchasing power parity exchange rates and well-established statistical distributions. This research proposes the use of two separate distributions to more…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-16 J. D. A. Islas-García , M. del Castillo-Mussot , Marcelo B. Ribeiro

Global historical series spanning the last two centuries recently became available for primary energy consumption (PEC) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Based on a thorough analysis of the data, we propose a new, simple macroeconomic model…

General Economics · Economics 2021-11-03 Herve Bercegol , Henri Benisty

For Adam Smith, wealth was related to the division of labor. As people and firms specialize in different activities, economic efficiency increases, suggesting that development is associated with an increase in the number of individual…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2009-09-23 Cesar A. Hidalgo , Ricardo Hausmann

The economy globalization measure problem is discussed. Four macroeconomic indices of twenty among the "richest" countries are examined. Four types of "distances" are calculated.Two types of networks are next constructed for each distance…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-09-04 Janusz Miskiewicz , Marcel Ausloos

Research and development (R&D) of countries play a major role in a long-term development of the economy. We measure the R&D efficiency of all 28 member countries of the European Union in the years 2008--2014. Super-efficient data…

Applications · Statistics 2024-05-09 Vladimír Holý , Karel Šafr

The real estate sector is one of the key drivers of India's national economy, contributing about 7.3\% to the GDP. As the market evolves, more players enter, and government policies become more stringent, Indian real estate companies face…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-10-10 Ritij Saini , Aditya Deora , Kirtesh Gadiya

The share of the world population living in cities with more than one million people rose from 11% in 1975 to 24% in 2025 (our estimates). Will this trend towards greater concentration in large cities continue or level off? We introduce two…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-31 Andrea Musso , Diego Rybski , Dirk Helbing , Frank Neffke

Major shifts in the global system of science and technology are destabilizing the global status order and demonstrating the capacity for emerging countries like China and India to exert greater influence. In order to measure changes in the…

General Economics · Economics 2024-06-11 Renli Wu , Christopher Esposito , James Evans

We propose a non-linear state-space model to examine the relationship between CO$_2$ emissions, energy sources, and macroeconomic activity, using data from 1971 to 2019. CO$_2$ emissions are modeled as a weighted sum of fossil fuel use,…

Applications · Statistics 2024-03-08 Mikkel Bennedsen , Eric Hillebrand , Jingying Zhou Lykke

This paper studies whether a small set of dominant countries can account for most of the dynamics of regional oil demand and improve forecasting performance. We focus on dominant drivers within the OECD and a broad GVAR sample covering over…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-03 Jan Ditzen , Erkal Ersoy , Haoyang Li , Francesco Ravazzolo

Economic growth is often associated with diversification of economic activities. Making a product in a country is dependent on having, and acquiring, the capabilities needed to make the product, making the process path-dependent. We derive…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-09-05 Neave O'Clery , Muhammed A. Yildirim , Ricardo Hausmann

Inclusiveness and economic development have been slowed by the pandemics and military conflicts. This study investigates the main determinants of inclusiveness at the European level. A multi-method approach is used, with Principal Component…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-15 Radu Rusu , Camelia Oprean-Stan

This study downscales the population and gross domestic product (GDP) scenarios given under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) into 0.5-degree grids. Our downscale approach has the following features: (i) it explicitly considers spatial…

Applications · Statistics 2017-04-14 Daisuke Murakami , Yoshiki Yamagata

Rising economic instability and continuous evolution in international relations demand a self-reliant trade and commodity flow networks at regional scales to efficiently address the growing human needs of a nation. Despite its importance in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-07-26 Sujata S Kulkarni , Raviraj Dave , Udit Bhatia , Rohini Kumar