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We introduce the method of Geodesic Principal Component Analysis (GPCA) on the space of probability measures on the line, with finite second moment, endowed with the Wasserstein metric. We discuss the advantages of this approach, over a…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-10-07 Jérémie Bigot , Raúl Gouet , Thierry Klein , Alfredo López

This paper is concerned by the statistical analysis of data sets whose elements are random histograms. For the purpose of learning principal modes of variation from such data, we consider the issue of computing the PCA of histograms with…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-29 Elsa Cazelles , Vivien Seguy , Jérémie Bigot , Marco Cuturi , Nicolas Papadakis

This paper focuses on Geodesic Principal Component Analysis (GPCA) on a collection of probability distributions using the Otto-Wasserstein geometry. The goal is to identify geodesic curves in the space of probability measures that best…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-06 Nina Vesseron , Elsa Cazelles , Alice Le Brigant , Thierry Klein

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the workhorse tool for dimensionality reduction in this era of big data. While often overlooked, the purpose of PCA is not only to reduce data dimensionality, but also to yield features that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Arpita Gang , Waheed U. Bajwa

We seek a generalization of regression and principle component analysis (PCA) in a metric space where data points are distributions metrized by the Wasserstein metric. We recast these analyses as multimarginal optimal transport problems.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-20 Amirhossein Karimi , Luigia Ripani , Tryphon T. Georgiou

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical and ubiquitous method for reducing data dimensionality, but it is suboptimal for heterogeneous data that are increasingly common in modern applications. PCA treats all samples uniformly so…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-02 David Hong , Kyle Gilman , Laura Balzano , Jeffrey A. Fessler

We present a novel class of projected methods, to perform statistical analysis on a data set of probability distributions on the real line, with the 2-Wasserstein metric. We focus in particular on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-30 Matteo Pegoraro , Mario Beraha

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well-known linear dimension-reduction technique designed for Euclidean data. In a wide spectrum of applied fields, however, it is common to observe multivariate circular data (also known as toroidal…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-22 Eduardo García-Portugués , Arturo Prieto-Tirado

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique for dimension reduction. As datasets continue to grow in size, distributed-PCA (DPCA) has become an active research area. A key challenge in DPCA lies in efficiently aggregating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-02 Zhi-Yu Jou , Su-Yun Huang , Hung Hung , Shinto Eguchi

Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely applied to dimensionality reduction and data pre-processing for different applications in engineering, biology and social science. Classical PCA and its variants seek for linear projections…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Xiaojun Chang , Feiping Nie , Yi Yang , Heng Huang

This paper proposes an innovative extension of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that transcends the traditional assumption of data lying in Euclidean space, enabling its application to data on Riemannian manifolds. The primary challenge…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-03 Oldemar Rodríguez

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a workhorse of modern data science. While PCA assumes the data conforms to Euclidean geometry, for specific data types, such as hierarchical and cyclic data structures, other spaces are more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-11 Puoya Tabaghi , Michael Khanzadeh , Yusu Wang , Sivash Mirarab

Dimensionality reduction is critical across various domains of science including neuroscience. Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (PPCA) is a prominent dimensionality reduction method that provides a probabilistic approach unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Han-Lin Hsieh , Maryam M. Shanechi

Motivated by approximation Bayesian computation using mean-field variational approximation and the computation of equilibrium in multi-species systems with cross-interaction, this paper investigates the composite geodesically convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Rentian Yao , Xiaohui Chen , Yun Yang

Consider a set of points sampled independently near a smooth compact submanifold of Euclidean space. We provide mathematically rigorous bounds on the number of sample points required to estimate both the dimension and the tangent spaces of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Uzu Lim , Harald Oberhauser , Vidit Nanda

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular dimension reduction techniques in statistics and is especially powerful when a multivariate distribution is concentrated near a lower-dimensional subspace. Multivariate extreme…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-15 Felix Reinbott , Anja Janßen

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a powerful standard tool for reducing the dimensionality of data. Unfortunately, it is sensitive to outliers so that various robust PCA variants were proposed in the literature. This paper addresses the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-02-13 Sebastian Neumayer , Max Nimmer , Simon Setzer , Gabriele Steidl

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most important methods to handle high dimensional data. However, most of the studies on PCA aim to minimize the loss after projection, which usually measures the Euclidean distance, though in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Kai Liu , Qiuwei Li , Hua Wang , Gongguo Tang

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a classical method for reducing the dimensionality of data by projecting them onto a subspace that captures most of their variation. Effective use of PCA in modern applications requires understanding…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-14 David Hong , Laura Balzano , Jeffrey A. Fessler

We develop a framework of canonical correlation analysis for distribution-valued functional data within the geometry of Wasserstein spaces. Specifically, we formulate an intrinsic concept of correlation between random distributions, propose…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-01 Hang Zhou , Zhenhua Lin , Fang Yao
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