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Distribution shifts between training and testing datasets significantly impair the model performance on graph learning. A commonly-taken causal view in graph invariant learning suggests that stable predictive features of graphs are causally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Bohan Wang , Yurui Chang , Wei Jin , Lu Lin

Out-of-distribution (OoD) generalization occurs when representation learning encounters a distribution shift. This occurs frequently in practice when training and testing data come from different environments. Covariate shift is a type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Simon Zhang , Ryan P. DeMilt , Kun Jin , Cathy H. Xia

Covariate distribution shift occurs when certain structural features present in the test set are absent from the training set. It is a common type of out-of-distribution (OOD) problem, frequently encountered in real-world graph data with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Fanlong Zeng , Wensheng Gan

Data augmentations are effective in improving the invariance of learning machines. We argue that the core challenge of data augmentations lies in designing data transformations that preserve labels. This is relatively straightforward for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Youzhi Luo , Michael McThrow , Wing Yee Au , Tao Komikado , Kanji Uchino , Koji Maruhashi , Shuiwang Ji

Invariant graph representation learning aims to learn the invariance among data from different environments for out-of-distribution generalization on graphs. As the graph environment partitions are usually expensive to obtain, augmenting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yongqiang Chen , Yatao Bian , Kaiwen Zhou , Binghui Xie , Bo Han , James Cheng

To deal with distribution shifts in graph data, various graph out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization techniques have been recently proposed. These methods often employ a two-step strategy that first creates augmented environments and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Song Wang , Xiaodong Yang , Rashidul Islam , Huiyuan Chen , Minghua Xu , Jundong Li , Yiwei Cai

Despite the success of graph neural networks (GNNs), their vulnerability to adversarial attacks poses tremendous challenges for practical applications. Existing defense methods suffer from severe performance decline under unseen attacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Shuchang Tao , Qi Cao , Huawei Shen , Yunfan Wu , Bingbing Xu , Xueqi Cheng

While deep learning through empirical risk minimization (ERM) has succeeded at achieving human-level performance at a variety of complex tasks, ERM is not robust to distribution shifts or adversarial attacks. Synthetic data augmentation…

Recently, contrastiveness-based augmentation surges a new climax in the computer vision domain, where some operations, including rotation, crop, and flip, combined with dedicated algorithms, dramatically increase the model generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Han Yue , Chunhui Zhang , Chuxu Zhang , Hongfu Liu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is an important issue for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Recent works employ different graph editions to generate augmented environments and learn an invariant GNN for generalization. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Junchi Yu , Jian Liang , Ran He

Despite recent success in using the invariance principle for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization on Euclidean data (e.g., images), studies on graph data are still limited. Different from images, the complex nature of graphs poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yongqiang Chen , Yonggang Zhang , Yatao Bian , Han Yang , Kaili Ma , Binghui Xie , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han , James Cheng

A significant obstacle in the development of robust machine learning models is covariate shift, a form of distribution shift that occurs when the input distributions of the training and test sets differ while the conditional label…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-17 Nilesh Tripuraneni , Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington

Social networks represent nowadays in many contexts the main source of information transmission and the way opinions and actions are influenced. For instance, generic advertisements are way less powerful than suggestions from our contacts.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Kateryna Konotopska , Giovanni Iacca

This paper addresses the Multi-Robot Active Information Acquisition (AIA) problem, where a team of mobile robots, communicating through an underlying graph, estimates a hidden state expressing a phenomenon of interest. Applications like…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Mariliza Tzes , Nikolaos Bousias , Evangelos Chatzipantazis , George J. Pappas

Many fine-grained classification tasks, like rare animal identification, have limited training data and consequently classifiers trained on these datasets often fail to generalize to variations in the domain like changes in weather or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Lisa Dunlap , Alyssa Umino , Han Zhang , Jiezhi Yang , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Trevor Darrell

Contrastive learning is an effective unsupervised method in graph representation learning, and the key component of contrastive learning lies in the construction of positive and negative samples. Previous methods usually utilize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Shengyu Feng , Baoyu Jing , Yada Zhu , Hanghang Tong

Shifts in data distribution can substantially harm the performance of clinical AI models and lead to misdiagnosis. Hence, various methods have been developed to detect the presence of such shifts at deployment time. However, the root causes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Mélanie Roschewitz , Raghav Mehta , Charles Jones , Ben Glocker

Machine learning algorithms typically assume that training and test examples are drawn from the same distribution. However, distribution shift is a common problem in real-world applications and can cause models to perform dramatically worse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Huaxiu Yao , Yu Wang , Sai Li , Linjun Zhang , Weixin Liang , James Zou , Chelsea Finn

Invariant learning demonstrates substantial potential for enhancing the generalization of graph neural networks (GNNs) with out-of-distribution (OOD) data. It aims to recognize stable features in graph data for classification, based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Yongduo Sui , Jie Sun , Shuyao Wang , Zemin Liu , Qing Cui , Longfei Li , Xiang Wang

Due to the performance degradation of graph neural networks (GNNs) under distribution shifts, the work on out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization on graphs has received widespread attention. A novel perspective involves distinguishing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoran Yang , Xiaobing Pei , Kai Yuan
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