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Standard big bang nucleosynthesis predicts the average baryon density of the Universe to be a few percent of the critical density. Only about one tenth of the predicted baryons have been seen. A plausible respository for the missing baryons…
We consider a network of sensors deployed to sense a spatio-temporal field and estimate a parameter of interest. We are interested in the case where the temporal process sensed by each sensor can be modeled as a state-space process that is…
Future detection of high-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) will be an important tool for studying the early Universe. Fast and accurate redshift estimation for detected GRBs is key for encouraging rapid follow-up observations by ground- and…
The inspirals of stellar-mass compact objects into supermassive black holes constitute some of the most important sources for LISA. Detection of these sources using fully coherent matched filtering is computationally intractable, so…
Only ~10 blazars have been detected in soft gamma-rays by OSSE and the PDS, often in flaring state. We investigate the impact of the imaging and spectral capabilities of the IBIS instrument on board INTEGRAL on the study of blazars. The…
Semi-numerical models of reionization typically involve a large number of unknown parameters whose values are constrained by comparing with observations. Increasingly often, exploring this parameter space using semi-numerical simulations…
DisCan is a new algorithm implementing photon dispersion cancellation in order to measure energy-dependent delays in variable sources. This method finds the amount of reversed dispersion that optimally cancels any actual dispersion present.…
We present a method for detecting neutrons using scintillating lithium gadolinium borate crystal shards in a plastic matrix while maintaining high gamma rejection. We have procured two cylindrical detectors, 5"\times5", containing 1%…
Here an image restoration on the basis of pixel simultaneous detection probabilities (PSDP) is proposed. These probabilities can be precisely determined by means of correlations measurement [NIMA 586 (2008) 314-326]. The proposed image…
Expanding upon the work of Way and Srivastava 2006 we demonstrate how the use of training sets of comparable size continue to make Gaussian process regression (GPR) a competitive approach to that of neural networks and other least-squares…
Laboratory characterization of Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDPs) collected in the lower stratosphere represents a concrete analysis of cosmic dust properties which played a fundamental role in the origin and evolution of Solar System.…
Currently, our general approach to retrieving molecular structures from ultrafast gas-phase diffraction heavily relies on complex ab initio electronic or vibrational excited state simulations to make conclusive interpretations. Without such…
Investigated in this work were sensitivities of a prototype detector for the detection of low-mass dark matter particles produced at the Spallation Neutron Source at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in two years of data taking. The…
In this work we analyze the spectroscopic properties of a large number of H ii regions, \sim2600, located in 38 galaxies. The sample of galaxies has been assembled from the face-on spirals in the PINGS survey and a sample described in…
When a gravitational wave signal encounters a massive object, such as a galaxy or galaxy cluster, it undergoes strong gravitational lensing, producing multiple copies of the original signal. These strongly lensed signals exhibit identical…
Unsupervised pathology detection trains models on non-pathological data to flag deviations as pathologies, offering strong generalizability for identifying novel diseases and avoiding costly annotations. However, building reliable normality…
Analysis of thermal dust emission spectra for dust mineralogy and physical grain properties depends on laboratory-measured or calculated comparison spectra. Often, the agreement between these two kinds of spectra is not satisfactory because…
The detection of hidden two-dimensional Gauss-Markov random fields using sensor networks is considered. Under a conditional autoregressive model, the error exponent for the Neyman-Pearson detector satisfying a fixed level constraint is…
Scintillators with pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capability are of great interest to many fields in the scientific community. The ability to discern a gamma ray from a neutron using PSD varies between different types of scintillator…
Forthcoming Stage-IV dark energy optical surveys, such as LSST, have the ambitious goal of measuring cosmological parameters at sub-percent precision. Realizing their full scientific potential requires very precise measurement of the cosmic…