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Automatic methods to predict listener opinions of synthesized speech remain elusive since listeners, systems being evaluated, characteristics of the speech, and even the instructions given and the rating scale all vary from test to test.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-15 Erica Cooper , Wen-Chin Huang , Tomoki Toda , Junichi Yamagishi

This study investigates the evaluation of multimedia quality models, focusing on the inherent uncertainties in subjective Mean Opinion Score (MOS) ratings due to factors like rater inconsistency and bias. Traditional statistical measures…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Alessandro Ragano , Helard Becerra Martinez , Andrew Hines

In speech generation tasks, human subjective ratings, usually referred to as the opinion score, are considered the "gold standard" for speech quality evaluation, with the mean opinion score (MOS) serving as the primary evaluation metric.…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yuxun Tang , Jiatong Shi , Yuning Wu , Qin Jin

Speech quality assessment has been a critical issue in speech processing for decades. Existing automatic evaluations usually require clean references or parallel ground truth data, which is infeasible when the amount of data soars.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Chien-yu Huang , Wei-Tsung Kao , Yist Y. Lin , Hung-yi Lee

Methods for automatically assessing speech quality in real world environments are critical for developing robust human language technologies and assistive devices. Behavioral ratings provided by human raters (e.g., mean opinion scores; MOS)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-09 Mattson Ogg , Caitlyn Bishop , Han Yi , Sarah Robinson

With the advances in speech communication systems such as online conferencing applications, we can seamlessly work with people regardless of where they are. However, during online meetings, speech quality can be significantly affected by…

Discrete audio tokenizers are fundamental to empowering large language models with native audio processing and generation capabilities. Despite recent progress, existing approaches often rely on pretrained encoders, semantic distillation,…

Without the need for a clean reference, non-intrusive speech assessment methods have caught great attention for objective evaluations. While deep learning models have been used to develop non-intrusive speech assessment methods with…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-16 Hsin-Tien Chiang , Szu-Wei Fu , Hsin-Min Wang , Yu Tsao , John H. L. Hansen

Objective estimators of multimedia quality are often judged by comparing estimates with subjective "truth data," most often via Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) or mean-squared error (MSE). But subjective test results contain noise, so…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Jaden Pieper , Stephen D. Voran

This paper investigates four types of cross-utterance speech contexts modeling approaches for streaming and non-streaming Conformer-Transformer (C-T) ASR systems: i) input audio feature concatenation; ii) cross-utterance Encoder embedding…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 Mingyu Cui , Mengzhe Geng , Jiajun Deng , Chengxi Deng , Jiawen Kang , Shujie Hu , Guinan Li , Tianzi Wang , Zhaoqing Li , Xie Chen , Xunying Liu

The Voice Conversion Challenge 2020 is the third edition under its flagship that promotes intra-lingual semiparallel and cross-lingual voice conversion (VC). While the primary evaluation of the challenge submissions was done through…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-09 Rohan Kumar Das , Tomi Kinnunen , Wen-Chin Huang , Zhenhua Ling , Junichi Yamagishi , Yi Zhao , Xiaohai Tian , Tomoki Toda

The attention-based Transformers have been increasingly applied to audio classification because of their global receptive field and ability to handle long-term dependency. However, the existing frameworks which are mainly extended from the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Xiaoyu Liu , Hanlin Lu , Jianbo Yuan , Xinyu Li

We propose MambaRate, which predicts Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) with limited bias regarding the sampling rate of the waveform under evaluation. It is designed for Track 3 of the AudioMOS Challenge 2025, which focuses on predicting MOS for…

Several studies have proposed deep-learning-based models to predict the mean opinion score (MOS) of synthesized speech, showing the possibility of replacing human raters. However, inter- and intra-rater variability in MOSs makes it hard to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-03 Yeunju Choi , Youngmoon Jung , Hoirin Kim

Synthesized speech is common today due to the prevalence of virtual assistants, easy-to-use tools for generating and modifying speech signals, and remote work practices. Synthesized speech can also be used for nefarious purposes, including…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Emily R. Bartusiak , Edward J. Delp

Vocal entrainment is a social adaptation mechanism in human interaction, knowledge of which can offer useful insights to an individual's cognitive-behavioral characteristics. We propose a context-aware approach for measuring vocal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-08 Rimita Lahiri , Md Nasir , Catherine Lord , So Hyun Kim , Shrikanth Narayanan

The conversion from text to speech relies on the accurate mapping from linguistic to acoustic symbol sequences, for which current practice employs recurrent statistical models like recurrent neural networks. Despite the good performance of…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Santiago Pascual , Antonio Bonafonte , Joan Serrà

Speech enhancement algorithms based on deep learning have been improved in terms of speech intelligibility and perceptual quality greatly. Many methods focus on enhancing the amplitude spectrum while reconstructing speech using the mixture…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-10 Qinglong Li , Fei Gao , Haixin Guan , Kaichi Ma

We aim to characterize how different speakers contribute to the perceived output quality of multi-speaker Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis. We automatically rate the quality of TTS using a neural network (NN) trained on human mean opinion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Jennifer Williams , Joanna Rownicka , Pilar Oplustil , Simon King

The quality of the speech communication systems, which include noise suppression algorithms, are typically evaluated in laboratory experiments according to the ITU-T Rec. P.835, in which participants rate background noise, speech signal,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-19 Babak Naderi , Ross Cutler