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Randomized controlled clinical trials provide the gold standard for evidence generation in relation to the efficacy of a new treatment in medical research. Relevant information from previous studies may be desirable to incorporate in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-29 Lou E. Whitehead , James M. S. Wason , Oliver Sailer , Haiyan Zheng

Platform trials evaluate multiple experimental treatments against a common control group (and/or against each other), which often reduces the trial duration and sample size. Bayesian platform designs offer several practical advantages,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-18 Luke Hagar , Lara Maleyeff , Shirin Golchi , Dick Menzies

Bayesian statistics is an integral part of contemporary applied science. bayesics provides a single framework, unified in syntax and output, for performing the most commonly used statistical procedures, ranging from one- and two-sample…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-18 Daniel K. Sewell , Alan T. Arakkal

A new standard is proposed for the evidential assessment of replication studies. The approach combines a specific reverse-Bayes technique with prior-predictive tail probabilities to define replication success. The method gives rise to a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-08 Leonhard Held

Cluster sampling is common in survey practice, and the corresponding inference has been predominantly design-based. We develop a Bayesian framework for cluster sampling and account for the design effect in the outcome modeling. We consider…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-24 Susanna Makela , Yajuan Si , Andrew Gelman

Raking is widely used in categorical data modeling and survey practice but faced with methodological and computational challenges. We develop a Bayesian paradigm for raking by incorporating the marginal constraints as a prior distribution…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-24 Yajuan Si , Peigen Zhou

The ongoing replication crisis in science has increased interest in the methodology of replication studies. We propose a novel Bayesian analysis approach using power priors: The likelihood of the original study's data is raised to the power…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-28 Samuel Pawel , Frederik Aust , Leonhard Held , Eric-Jan Wagenmakers

This paper describes a Bayesian method for learning causal networks using samples that were selected in a non-random manner from a population of interest. Examples of data obtained by non-random sampling include convenience samples and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Gregory F. Cooper

Microplastics contamination is one of the most rapidly growing research topics. However, monitoring microplastics contamination in the environment presents both logistical and statistical challenges, particularly when constrained resources…

To design Bayesian studies, criteria for the operating characteristics of posterior analyses - such as power and the type I error rate - are often assessed by estimating sampling distributions of posterior probabilities via simulation. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-17 Luke Hagar , Nathaniel T. Stevens

Bayesian models provide recursive inference naturally because they can formally reconcile new data and existing scientific information. However, popular use of Bayesian methods often avoids priors that are based on exact posterior…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-29 Mevin B. Hooten , Devin S. Johnson , Brian M. Brost

We consider a Bayesian framework for estimating the sample size of a clinical trial. The new approach, called BESS, is built upon three pillars: Sample size of the trial, Evidence from the observed data, and Confidence of the final decision…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-21 Dehua Bi , Yuan Ji

Prior probabilities of clinical hypotheses are not systematically used for clinical trial design yet, due to a concern that poor priors may lead to poor decisions. To address this concern, a conservative approach to Bayesian trial design is…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-21 Fabio Rigat

Utilizing Bayesian methods in clinical trials has become increasingly popular, as they can incorporate historical data and expert opinions into the design and allow for smaller sample sizes to reduce costs while providing reliable and…

There is growing interest in Bayesian clinical trial designs with informative prior distributions, e.g. for extrapolation of adult data to pediatrics, or use of external controls. While the classical type I error is commonly used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-06 Nicky Best , Maxine Ajimi , Beat Neuenschwander , Gaelle Saint-Hilary , Simon Wandel

This paper presents a Bayesian framework for assessing the adequacy of a model without the necessity of explicitly enumerating a specific alternate model. A test statistic is developed for tracking the performance of the model across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Kathryn Blackmond Laskey

This study examines the application of Bayesian approach in the context of clinical trials, emphasizing their increasing importance in contemporary biomedical research. While conventional frequentist approach provides a foundational basis…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-16 Paramahansa Pramanik , Arnab Kumar Maity , Anjan Mandal , Haley Kate Robinson

Bayesian design of experiments and sample size calculations usually rely on complex Monte Carlo simulations in practice. Obtaining bounds on Bayesian notions of the false-positive rate and power therefore often lack closed-form or…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-06 Riko Kelter , Samuel Pawel

In the design of clinical trials, it is essential to assess the design operating characteristics (e.g., power and the type I error rate). Common practice for the evaluation of operating characteristics in Bayesian clinical trials relies on…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Luke Hagar , Shirin Golchi

A Bayesian design is given by maximising an expected utility over a design space. The utility is chosen to represent the aim of the experiment and its expectation is taken with respect to all unknowns: responses, parameters and/or models.…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-16 Antony M. Overstall , James M. McGree