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The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is a powerful computational technique for finding the maximum likelihood estimates for parametric models when the data are not fully observed. The EM is best suited for situations where the…

Computation · Statistics 2018-05-14 Chanseok Park

The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is a key reference for inference in latent variable models; unfortunately, its computational cost is prohibitive in the large scale learning setting. In this paper, we propose an extension of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-26 Gersende Fort , Eric Moulines , Hoi-To Wai

Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a widely used iterative algorithm for computing maximum likelihood estimate when dealing with Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). When the sample size is smaller than the data dimension, this could lead…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-06 Pierre Houdouin , Matthieu Jonkcheere , Frederic Pascal

Modern autonomous systems are purposed for many challenging scenarios, where agents will face unexpected events and complicated tasks. The presence of disturbance noise with control command and unknown inputs can negatively impact robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Zida Wu , Zhaoliang Zheng , Ankur Mehta

Optimization algorithms with momentum, e.g., (ADAM), have been widely used for building deep learning models due to the faster convergence rates compared with stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Momentum helps accelerate SGD in the relevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Jiyang Bai , Yuxiang Ren , Jiawei Zhang

This letter investigates the non-coherent Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation problem dealing with the DOA estimation from magnitude only measurements of the array output. The magnitude squared of the array output is expanded as a…

Applications · Statistics 2016-06-22 Hadi Zayyani , Mehdi Korki

In this paper, an improved direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm for circular and non-circular signals is proposed. Most state-of-the-art algorithms only deal with the DOA estimation problem for the maximal non-circularity rated…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-07 Liangtian Wan , Lihua Xie

Processing high-volume, streaming data is increasingly common in modern statistics and machine learning, where batch-mode algorithms are often impractical because they require repeated passes over the full dataset. This has motivated…

Stochastic discriminative EM (sdEM) is an online-EM-type algorithm for discriminative training of probabilistic generative models belonging to the exponential family. In this work, we introduce and justify this algorithm as a stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Andres R. Masegosa

In a mixture of linear regression model, the regression coefficients are treated as random vectors that may follow either a continuous or discrete distribution. We propose two Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithms to estimate this prior…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-17 Andrew Welbaum , Wanli Qiao

Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is one of the most important methods in machine learning, and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is often used to obtain maximum likelihood estimates. However, EM heavily depends on initial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-21 Hideyuki Miyahara , Koji Tsumura , Yuki Sughiyama

Expectation maximization (EM) is a technique for estimating maximum-likelihood parameters of a latent variable model given observed data by alternating between taking expectations of sufficient statistics, and maximizing the expected log…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-10 Donna Henderson , Gerton Lunter

In industry, machine anomalous sound detection (ASD) is in great demand. However, collecting enough abnormal samples is difficult due to the high cost, which boosts the rapid development of unsupervised ASD algorithms. Autoencoder (AE)…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yifan Zhou , Dongxing Xu , Haoran Wei , Yanhua Long

We propose a novel iterative algorithm for estimating a deterministic but unknown parameter vector in the presence of model uncertainties. This iterative algorithm is based on a system model where an overall noise term describes both, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-27 Oliver Lang , Michael Lunglmayr , Mario Huemer

This paper concerns the identification of continuous-time systems in state-space form that are subject to Lebesgue sampling. Contrary to equidistant (Riemann) sampling, Lebesgue sampling consists of taking measurements of a continuous-time…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-10 Rodrigo A. González , Angel L. Cedeño , María Coronel , Juan C. Agüero , Cristian R. Rojas

We study Sinkhorn EM (sEM), a variant of the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm for mixtures based on entropic optimal transport. sEM differs from the classic EM algorithm in the way responsibilities are computed during the expectation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-01 Gonzalo Mena , Amin Nejatbakhsh , Erdem Varol , Jonathan Niles-Weed

We develop the method of stochastic modified equations (SME), in which stochastic gradient algorithms are approximated in the weak sense by continuous-time stochastic differential equations. We exploit the continuous formulation together…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Qianxiao Li , Cheng Tai , Weinan E

Latent variable models are a fundamental modeling tool in machine learning applications, but they present significant computational and analytical challenges. The popular EM algorithm and its variants, is a much used algorithmic tool; yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-08 Xinyang Yi , Constantine Caramanis

Expectation maximisation (EM) is an unsupervised learning method for estimating the parameters of a finite mixture distribution. It works by introducing "hidden" or "latent" variables via Baum's auxiliary function $Q$ that allow the joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-19 Graham W. Pulford

The approximation of invariant measures for nonlinear ergodic stochastic differential equations (SDEs) is a central problem in scientific computing, with important applications in stochastic sampling, physics, and ecology. We first propose…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Shan Huang , Xiaoyue Li