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Transducer neural networks have emerged as the mainstream approach for streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR), offering state-of-the-art performance in balancing accuracy and latency. In the conventional framework, streaming…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-27 Hyeonseung Lee , Ji Won Yoon , Sungsoo Kim , Nam Soo Kim

Multi-channel inputs offer several advantages over single-channel, to improve the robustness of on-device speech recognition systems. Recent work on multi-channel transformer, has proposed a way to incorporate such inputs into end-to-end…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-31 Feng-Ju Chang , Martin Radfar , Athanasios Mouchtaris , Maurizio Omologo

Accurate, low-latency endpointing is crucial for effective spoken dialogue systems. While traditional endpointers often rely on spectrum-based audio features, this work proposes real-time speech endpointing for multi-turn dialogues using…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Sathvik Udupa , Shinji Watanabe , Petr Schwarz , Jan Cernocky

RNN-Transducer (RNN-T) is a widely adopted architecture in speech recognition, integrating acoustic and language modeling in an end-to-end framework. However, the RNN-T predictor tends to over-rely on consecutive word dependencies in…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Khanh Le , Tuan Vu Ho , Dung Tran , Duc Thanh Chau

Transformer-based speech enhancement models yield impressive results. However, their heterogeneous and complex structure restricts model compression potential, resulting in greater complexity and reduced hardware efficiency. Additionally,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Ci-Hao Wu , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Knowledge Distillation is an effective method of transferring knowledge from a large model to a smaller model. Distillation can be viewed as a type of model compression, and has played an important role for on-device ASR applications. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-13 Sankaran Panchapagesan , Daniel S. Park , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Yuan Shangguan , Qiao Liang , Alexander Gruenstein

Sequence-to-sequence models have been widely used in end-to-end speech processing, for example, automatic speech recognition (ASR), speech translation (ST), and text-to-speech (TTS). This paper focuses on an emergent sequence-to-sequence…

In this paper, we propose an open source, production first, and production ready speech recognition toolkit called WeNet in which a new two-pass approach is implemented to unify streaming and non-streaming end-to-end (E2E) speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Zhuoyuan Yao , Di Wu , Xiong Wang , Binbin Zhang , Fan Yu , Chao Yang , Zhendong Peng , Xiaoyu Chen , Lei Xie , Xin Lei

Error correction techniques have been used to refine the output sentences from automatic speech recognition (ASR) models and achieve a lower word error rate (WER) than original ASR outputs. Previous works usually use a sequence-to-sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Yichong Leng , Xu Tan , Linchen Zhu , Jin Xu , Renqian Luo , Linquan Liu , Tao Qin , Xiang-Yang Li , Ed Lin , Tie-Yan Liu

Speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) converts input speech to speech in another language. A challenge of delivering S2ST in real time is the accumulated delay between the translation and speech synthesis modules. While recently incremental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Danni Liu , Changhan Wang , Hongyu Gong , Xutai Ma , Yun Tang , Juan Pino

In this work, we perform an empirical comparison among the CTC, RNN-Transducer, and attention-based Seq2Seq models for end-to-end speech recognition. We show that, without any language model, Seq2Seq and RNN-Transducer models both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Eric Battenberg , Jitong Chen , Rewon Child , Adam Coates , Yashesh Gaur , Yi Li , Hairong Liu , Sanjeev Satheesh , David Seetapun , Anuroop Sriram , Zhenyao Zhu

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has seen remarkable progress, with models like OpenAI Whisper and NVIDIA Canary achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in offline transcription. However, these models are not designed for streaming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tomer Krichli , Bhiksha Raj , Joseph Keshet

Recent advancements in text-to-speech (TTS) systems, such as FastSpeech and StyleSpeech, have significantly improved speech generation quality. However, these models often rely on duration generated by external tools like the Montreal…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Haowei Lou , Helen Paik , Wen Hu , Lina Yao

This paper investigates four types of cross-utterance speech contexts modeling approaches for streaming and non-streaming Conformer-Transformer (C-T) ASR systems: i) input audio feature concatenation; ii) cross-utterance Encoder embedding…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 Mingyu Cui , Mengzhe Geng , Jiajun Deng , Chengxi Deng , Jiawen Kang , Shujie Hu , Guinan Li , Tianzi Wang , Zhaoqing Li , Xie Chen , Xunying Liu

While the community keeps promoting end-to-end models over conventional hybrid models, which usually are long short-term memory (LSTM) models trained with a cross entropy criterion followed by a sequence discriminative training criterion,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-18 Jinyu Li , Rui Zhao , Eric Sun , Jeremy H. M. Wong , Amit Das , Zhong Meng , Yifan Gong

We introduce Amortized Neural Networks (AmNets), a compute cost- and latency-aware network architecture particularly well-suited for sequence modeling tasks. We apply AmNets to the Recurrent Neural Network Transducer (RNN-T) to reduce…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-04 Jonathan Macoskey , Grant P. Strimel , Jinru Su , Ariya Rastrow

Conventional spoken language translation (SLT) systems are pipeline based systems, where we have an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system to convert the modality of source from speech to text and a Machine Translation (MT) systems to…

Utilizing text-only data with an external language model (ELM) in end-to-end RNN-Transducer (RNN-T) for speech recognition is challenging. Recently, a class of methods such as density ratio (DR) and internal language model estimation (ILME)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-04 Huahuan Zheng , Keyu An , Zhijian Ou , Chen Huang , Ke Ding , Guanglu Wan

Current text-to-speech (TTS) models face a persistent limitation: autoregressive (AR) models suffer from low generation efficiency, while modern non-autoregressive (NAR) models experience high latency due to their unordered temporal nature.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhengyan Sheng , Zhihao Du , Shiliang Zhang , Zhijie Yan , Liping Chen

Unification of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems reduces development and maintenance costs, but training a single model to perform well in both offline and low-latency streaming settings remains challenging. We present a Unified…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Andrei Andrusenko , Vladimir Bataev , Lilit Grigoryan , Nune Tadevosyan , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Boris Ginsburg