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While large models pre-trained on high-quality data exhibit excellent performance on mathematical reasoning (e.g., GSM8k, MultiArith), it remains challenging to specialize smaller models for these tasks. Common approaches to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Neeraj Gangwar , Suma P Bhat , Nickvash Kani

The rapid progress in the field of natural language processing (NLP) systems and the expansion of large language models (LLMs) have opened up numerous opportunities in the field of education and instructional methods. These advancements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Avinash Anand , Mohit Gupta , Kritarth Prasad , Navya Singla , Sanjana Sanjeev , Jatin Kumar , Adarsh Raj Shivam , Rajiv Ratn Shah

In this paper, we study the ability of large language models to learn specific mathematical rules such as distributivity or simplifying equations. We present an empirical analysis of their ability to generalize these rules, as well as to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Antoine Gorceix , Bastien Le Chenadec , Ahmad Rammal , Nelson Vadori , Manuela Veloso

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate ever-increasing abilities in mathematical and algorithmic tasks, yet their geometric reasoning skills are underexplored. We investigate LLMs' abilities in constructive geometric problem-solving one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Spyridon Mouselinos , Henryk Michalewski , Mateusz Malinowski

Although recent Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) like mBERT and XLMR support around 100 languages, most existing multilingual NLP benchmarks provide evaluation data in only a handful of these languages with little linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Kabir Ahuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

Development of language proficiency models for non-native learners has been an active area of interest in NLP research for the past few years. Although language proficiency is multidimensional in nature, existing research typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Taraka Rama , Sowmya Vajjala

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional capabilities in a multitude of NLP tasks. However, the efficacy of such models to languages other than English is often limited. Prior works have shown that encoder-only models such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Divyanshu Aggarwal , Ashutosh Sathe , Sunayana Sitaram

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in solving mathematical problems expressed in natural language. However, multilingual and culturally-grounded mathematical reasoning in low-resource languages lags…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Israel Abebe Azime , Tadesse Destaw Belay , Dietrich Klakow , Philipp Slusallek , Anshuman Chhabra

We examine whether self-supervised language modeling applied to mathematical formulas enables logical reasoning. We suggest several logical reasoning tasks that can be used to evaluate language models trained on formal mathematical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Markus N. Rabe , Dennis Lee , Kshitij Bansal , Christian Szegedy

Existing generative pre-trained language models (e.g., GPT) focus on modeling the language structure and semantics of general texts. However, those models do not consider the numerical properties of numbers and cannot perform robustly on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Zhihua Jin , Xin Jiang , Xingbo Wang , Qun Liu , Yong Wang , Xiaozhe Ren , Huamin Qu

Mathematical reasoning and optimization are fundamental to artificial intelligence and computational problem-solving. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved AI-driven mathematical reasoning, theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ali Forootani

Large language models, comprising billions of parameters and pre-trained on extensive web-scale corpora, have been claimed to acquire certain capabilities without having been specifically trained on them. These capabilities, referred to as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Sheng Lu , Irina Bigoulaeva , Rachneet Sachdeva , Harish Tayyar Madabushi , Iryna Gurevych

Large language models (LLMs) can solve an increasing number of complex reasoning tasks while making surprising mistakes in basic numerical understanding and processing (such as 9.11 > 9.9). The latter ability is essential for tackling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Haotong Yang , Yi Hu , Shijia Kang , Zhouchen Lin , Muhan Zhang

Modern NLP breakthrough includes large multilingual models capable of performing tasks across more than 100 languages. State-of-the-art language models came a long way, starting from the simple one-hot representation of words capable of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Fahim Faisal

Large language models (LLM) such as OpenAI's ChatGPT and GPT-3 offer unique testbeds for exploring the translation challenges of turning literacy into numeracy. Previous publicly-available transformer models from eighteen months prior and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 David Noever , Forrest McKee

Language modeling studies the probability distributions over strings of texts. It is one of the most fundamental tasks in natural language processing (NLP). It has been widely used in text generation, speech recognition, machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Chengwei Wei , Yun-Cheng Wang , Bin Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Language understanding is a multi-faceted cognitive capability, which the Natural Language Processing (NLP) community has striven to model computationally for decades. Traditionally, facets of linguistic intelligence have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Robert Litschko , Max Müller-Eberstein , Rob van der Goot , Leon Weber , Barbara Plank

Large pre-trained language models help to achieve state of the art on a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, nevertheless, they still suffer from forgetting when incrementally learning a sequence of tasks. To alleviate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Mingxu Tao , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

English pretrained language models, which make up the backbone of many modern NLP systems, require huge amounts of unlabeled training data. These models are generally presented as being trained only on English text but have been found to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Terra Blevins , Luke Zettlemoyer

Since the introduction of the original BERT (i.e., BASE BERT), researchers have developed various customized BERT models with improved performance for specific domains and tasks by exploiting the benefits of transfer learning. Due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Jia Tracy Shen , Michiharu Yamashita , Ethan Prihar , Neil Heffernan , Xintao Wu , Ben Graff , Dongwon Lee