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Landauer's principle is, roughly, the principle that there is an entropic cost associated with implementation of logically irreversible operations. Though widely accepted in the literature on the thermodynamics of computation, it has been…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-07-24 Wayne C. Myrvold

Starting from Landauer's slogan "information is physical," we revise and modify Landauer's principle stating that the erasure of information has a minimal price in the form of a certain quantity of free energy. We establish a direct link…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 Ämin Baumeler , Stefan Wolf

We discuss some features of thermodynamics in the presence of multiple conserved quantities. We prove a generalisation of Landauer principle illustrating tradeoffs between the erasure costs paid in different "currencies". We then show how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-10 Matteo Lostaglio , David Jennings , Terry Rudolph

Landauer's principle introduces a symmetry between computational and physical processes: erasure of information, a logically irreversible operation, must be underlain by an irreversible transformation dissipating energy. Monitoring micro-…

Erasing memory is a fundamental operational task in quantum information processing, governed by Landauer's principle, which links information loss to thermodynamic work. We introduce and analyze assisted quantum erasure, where correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Mir Alimuddin , Nathan Shettell , Raja Yehia , Antonio Acín , Federico Centrone

The emergence of irreversibility in physical processes, despite the fundamentally reversible nature of quantum mechanics, remains an open question in physics. This thesis explores the intricate relationship between quantum mechanics and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-25 Alberto Rolandi

Landauer's principle provides a perspective on the physical meaning of information as well as on the minimum working cost of information processing. Whereas most studies have related the decrease in entropy during a computationally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-18 Kazunari Hashimoto , Bassano Vacchini , Chikako Uchiyama

Information is central to thermodynamics, providing the grounds to the formulation of the theory in powerful abstract statistical terms. One must not forget, however, that, as put by Landauer, {\it information is physical}. This means that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 T. Croucher , J. Wright , A. R. R. Carvalho , S. M. Barnett , J. A. Vaccaro

The Landauer principle establishes a fundamental lower bound on the energetic cost of the erasure of a one-bit memory in thermal equilibrium. Here, we experimentally demonstrate how this bound can be effectively circumvented by introducing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-24 Salambô Dago , Ludovic Bellon

Thermodynamics connects our knowledge of the world to our capability to manipulate and thus to control it. This crucial role of control is exemplified by the third law of thermodynamics, Nernst's unattainability principle, which states that…

We measured the energy efficiency of information erasure using silicon DRAM cells capable of counting charges on capacitors at the single-electron level. Our measurements revealed that the efficiency decreased as the erasure error…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-01 Takase Shimizu , Kensaku Chida , Gento Yamahata , Katsuhiko Nishiguchi

The first law of thermodynamics, which governs energy conservation, is traditionally formulated as an equality. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that the first law alone implies a universal Landauer-like inequality linking changes in system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-17 Junjie Liu , Hanlin Nie

We briefly address Landauer's Principle and some related issues in thermal demons. We show that an error-free Turing computer works in the zero-entropy limit, which proves Landauer's derivation incorrect. To have a physical logic gate,…

General Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Laszlo B. Kish , Claes-Goran Granqvist , Sunil P. Khatri , Janusz Smulko

Landauer principle states that erasure of $N$ bit information requires an entropic cost of $Nk_B \ln 2$. This fact can easily be demonstrated by relaxation of an ideal gas consisting of $N$ particles inside a fixed volume. In this paper we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-03-16 P. S. Pal , A. M. Jayannavar

Landauer's principle states that information erasure requires heat dissipation. Landauer's original result focused on equilibrium memories. We here investigate the reset of information stored in a nonequilibrium state of a symmetric…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-06-05 Michael Konopik , Alexander Friedenberger , Nikolai Kiesel , Eric Lutz

New concepts from nonequilibrium thermodynamics are used to show that Landauer's principle can be understood in terms of time asymmetry in the dynamical randomness generated by the physical process of the erasure of digital information. In…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Andrieux , P. Gaspard

By establishing a relation between information erasure and continuous phase transitions we generalise the Landauer bound to analog computing systems. The entropy production per degree of freedom during erasure of an analog variable (reset…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-27 M. Cristina Diamantini , Luca Gammaitoni , Carlo A. Trugenberger

Landauer's principle sets a fundamental limit on the heat dissipated when one classical bit of information is erased from a memory, thereby establishing a direct link between information theory and thermodynamics. With the advent of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-14 Carlos Octavio A. Ribeiro Neto , Bertúlio de Lima Bernardo

Modern digital electronics support remarkably reliable computing, especially given the challenge of controlling nanoscale logical components that interact in fluctuating environments. However, we demonstrate that the high-reliability limit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-07 P. M. Riechers , A. B. Boyd , G. W. Wimsatt , J. P. Crutchfield

Information erasure inevitably leads to heat dissipation. Minimizing this dissipation will be crucial for developing small-scale information processing systems, but little is known about the optimal procedures required. We have obtained…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-17 Patrick R. Zulkowski , Michael R. DeWeese